What is the moral feat of Gerasim. Lesson “The spiritual and moral qualities of Gerasim: strength, dignity, compassion for others, generosity, diligence. To whom Gerasim was attached by soul

The image of Gerasim is a symbol of the Russian people. In his hero, Turgenev shows the best features of a Russian person: heroic strength, diligence, kindness, sensitivity to loved ones, sympathy for the unfortunate and offended.

Turgenev calls Gerasim "the most wonderful person" of all the servants. The author sees him as a hero. Gerasim was gifted with "extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the case was arguing in his hands, and it was fun to look at him." Turgenev seems to be admiring his hero, his strength and greed for work. He compares Gerasim with a young bull and a huge tree that has grown on fertile land. Gerasim is distinguished by accuracy and responsibility to the task assigned. He keeps his closet and yard clean. A detailed description of the mute's closet emphasizes his unsociableness a little. “He did not like to be visited,” and therefore he always locked his closet. But despite his formidable appearance and heroic strength, Gerasim had a kind heart, capable of loving and sympathizing.

Many of the servants were afraid of the formidable janitor, knowing his strict and serious disposition. However, the uncommunicative Gerasim causes not only fear, but also respect among the servants for conscientious work, patience and kindness. “He understood them, carried out all orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to take his place in the capital.” And the lady Gerasim causes not only fear, but also respect. "She complained of him as a faithful and strong watchman." The mute, like the rest of the household, is afraid of the old lady, tries to please her, exactly following her orders. But remaining a faithful servant, he does not lose his self-esteem.

It is difficult for a country man to live in the city. He is deprived of communion with Russian nature. The dumb, unsociable Gerasim is lonely. People avoid him. Tatyana, who fell in love with him, is given in marriage to another. He is deeply unhappy. And now a small ray of light appears in his dark life. Gerasim rescues a poor puppy from the river, feeds him and becomes attached to him with all his heart. He names the dog Mumu. She loves Gerasim and is always with him, she wakes him up in the morning, and guards the house at night. They become close friends. Love for Mumu makes Gerasim's life joyful.

The lady finds out about Mumu and orders to bring her to her in order to dispel boredom. But the little dog refuses to obey her. The obstinate lady, not understanding how to disobey her order, makes her get rid of the dog. Gerasim tries to save Mumu and closes her in a closet. But Mumu gives himself away by barking. The unfortunate serf is forced to kill his only truly loving friend. The evil lady robs Gerasim of the most precious thing, but cannot break his fortitude and self-esteem.

In the fate of Gerasim, Turgenev reflected the fate of many serfs. He protests against the serfdom of the landlords. The author expresses the hope that the "dumb" people will be able to repulse the oppressors.

The image of Gerasim is a symbol of the Russian people. In his hero, Turgenev shows the best features of a Russian person: heroic strength, diligence, kindness, sensitivity to loved ones, sympathy for the unfortunate and offended. Turgenev calls Gerasim "the most remarkable person" of all the servants. The author sees him as a hero. Gerasim was gifted with "extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the case was arguing in his hands, and it was fun to look at him." Turgenev seems to be admiring his hero, his strength and greed for work. He compares Gerasim with a young bull and a huge tree that has grown on fertile land. Gerasim is distinguished by accuracy and responsibility to the task assigned. He keeps his closet and yard clean. A detailed description of the mute's closet emphasizes his unsociableness a little. "He did not like to be visited," and therefore he always locked his closet. But despite his formidable appearance and heroic strength, Gerasim had a kind heart, capable of loving and sympathizing. Many of the servants were afraid of the formidable janitor, knowing his strict and serious disposition. However, the uncommunicative Gerasim causes not only fear, but also respect among the servants for conscientious work, patience and kindness. "He understood them, carried out all orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to take his place in the capital." And the lady Gerasim causes not only fear, but also respect. "She complained of him as a faithful and strong watchman." The mute, like the rest of the household, is afraid of the old lady, tries to please her, exactly following her orders. But remaining a faithful servant, he does not lose his self-esteem. It is difficult for a country man to live in the city. He is deprived of communion with Russian nature. The dumb, unsociable Gerasim is lonely. People avoid him. Tatyana, who fell in love with him, is given in marriage to another. He is deeply unhappy. And now a small ray of light appears in his dark life. Gerasim rescues a poor puppy from the river, feeds him and becomes attached to him with all his heart. He names the dog Mumu. She loves Gerasim and is always with him, she wakes him up in the morning, and guards the house at night. They become close friends. Love for Mumu makes Gerasim's life joyful. The lady finds out about Mumu and orders to bring her to her in order to dispel boredom. But the little dog refuses to obey her. The obstinate lady, not understanding how to disobey her order, makes her get rid of the dog. Gerasim tries to save Mumu and closes her in a closet. But Mumu gives himself away by barking. The unfortunate serf is forced to kill his only truly loving friend. The evil lady robs Gerasim of the most precious thing, but cannot break his fortitude and self-esteem. In the fate of Gerasim, Turgenev reflected the fate of many serfs. He protests against the serfdom of the landlords. The author expresses the hope that the "dumb" people will be able to repulse the oppressors.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born on October 28, 1818. Turgenev spent his childhood on his mother's estate, Spassky-Lutovinovo, located near the city of Orel. The main person in the estate was the writer's mother Varvara Petrovna. She was very rich, she owned not only the Spasskoye estate, but also several other estates and thousands of serfs. Self-willed, power-hungry, she was smart, educated, read a lot, knew several foreign languages ​​​​and wrote in Russian "with an elegant style and without errors", which was then a rarity for a woman. But, despite her intelligence and education, she was a cruel landowner-serf. She never thought about the fact that serfs are people too. It cost nothing for her to tear away from the family and send the maid to a distant village in the barnyard just because she did not have time to wipe the dust from her table, or to order all the gardeners to be whipped in the stable, if by chance it turned out that someone picked her favorite flower . There was no end to Varvara Petrovna's whims and whims. The serf family doctor was obliged to inquire about her health every morning, keep records and send them to two doctors in Moscow. Sergey Nikolaevich Turgenev, Ivan's father, took part in the upbringing of children very indirectly. He didn't seem to let the kids in. But he never punished or shouted. Since the family was very educated and well-read, it is not surprising that the boy spoke and read several languages ​​from an early age. Particular attention was paid to the classics. Other sciences were also extensively covered.
The family had a Torah of children and the strictest attention was paid to education. It is known that the children constantly changed tutors, who were native speakers of French and German. In addition, the family spoke French all the time, which was common among the nobility of the 19th century. They even prayed in French.
Ivan Sergeevich did not consider his childhood happy. For any misconduct, children were punished in the most severe way. The mother's constant mood swings once upset the boy so much that he decided to run away from home.
It is known that the mother, having become indignant because of some kind of denunciation of the accustomer, began to flog the boy without explaining the reason for the punishment. The child cried and asked for an explanation, but the mother only said: “You know why!”
When night fell, Ivan decided to run away from home. While the boy was sneaking around the huge house, the German teacher managed to notice him. He was an older man, smart enough not to make a fuss, and empathetic enough to question a child about the reasons for such a decision.
In the morning, the kind old man asked to go into the mistress's room and talked to her for a long time behind closed doors. This conversation enlightened the obstinate hostess. She left her cruel methods of upbringing.
The writer did not hesitate to admit in adulthood that he was always afraid of his mother, like fire. Her chaos extended to the entire house. There was not a day that one of the household or servants missed her.
The most pleasant thing that was in the house for little Ivan was books. From the age of eight, he rummaged through treasured cabinets. Sometimes a child was so carried away by this or that book that even at night the impressions did not let go and they drew a lot of vague images.
It is known that love for the Russian language and literature was instilled in young Ivan not only by his parents. Among other servants in the house there was one serf valet, who influenced the formation of attitudes towards the language of the future writer. This valet would later become a prototype in one of Turgenev's stories.

Mumu, summary.

In one of the Moscow houses, surrounded by many servants, lived an old lady. Among all her servants, the janitor Gerasim stood out especially. He was a tall, stately man - a real hero. Only now he could not speak - he was born that way.

The lady was distinguished by a strict character and believed that only she knew how her servants should live. Once she thought of marrying her shoemaker Kapiton. Kapiton drank a lot, and the lady decided that marriage, or rather, his wife, would discourage him from this addiction. And she chose the washerwoman Tatyana as a wife for Kapiton. Tatyana was a quiet, very obedient and fearful young woman. She was beautiful, only her beauty was somehow imperceptible due to the fact that Tatyana herself tried to be as inconspicuous as possible.

Gerasim liked Tatyana very much. He constantly showed her signs of attention - gave gifts, swept in front of her with a broom. And when he saw that Kapiton was somehow too long and kindly talking to her, he made him understand without words what would happen to him if he offended Tatyana. Gerasim himself was going to go to the mistress and ask her permission to marry Tatyana. Therefore, both Kapiton and the butler Gavrila feared that Gerasim would not only be upset by this decision of the lady - he could kill Kapiton and Tatiana. So they decided to go to the trick. Knowing that Gerasim simply hates drunks, they persuaded Tatyana to walk past him, staggering as if drunk. Gerasim, seeing this, experienced a real shock. He went to his janitor's room, closed himself there and did not go out all day. And then, having gone out, he stopped paying attention to Tatyana. Only a year later, when Tatyana and Kapiton were leaving for the village (Kapiton began to drink even more after his marriage), Gerasim approached Tatyana and gave her a handkerchief, and Tatyana kissed him three times.

Walking along the river bank, Gerasim saw a small puppy in the water. He pulled the puppy out of the water and brought it into his janitor's room. Washed, wiped, fed and laid to sleep next to him. Gerasim looked after the puppy very well, which soon became a very beautiful little dog. He called her Mumu and became attached to her as he had never attached to anyone. And the dog did not leave Gerasim a single step. Once the lady saw Mumu and wanted to take a closer look at her. They brought Mumu to her rooms, but the dog did not approach the mistress and did not drink the milk given to her. And when the mistress stretched out her hand to stroke Mumu, she bared her teeth and growled. The mistress immediately ordered Gavrila to get rid of the dog. Gavrilo stole Mumu from Gerasim, took it to the market and sold it, having agreed that the dog would not be unleashed for some time.

Gerasim searched for Mumu for a long time, and when they showed him with signs that Mumu had bared her teeth at the mistress, he decided that he would not see her again. But at night, Mumu returned with a piece of rope around her neck. Then Gerasim began to hide the dog. All day he kept her locked up, and at night he took her out for a walk. But one night, seeing a stranger near the fence, Mumu barked loudly. The lady woke up and ordered to get rid of the dog immediately. When they came to Gerasim, he showed with signs that he would do everything himself. He took Mumu and left the yard. He brought the dog to a tavern, fed it cabbage soup with meat, then went to the river, sat down with it in a boat and began to row into the middle of the river. Gerasim tied the bricks to the rope, which he took with him, raised Mumu above the water, looked at her for the last time and unclenched his hands. Returning to his closet, Gerasim packed his things and left Moscow for his village. The lady was angry at first, but then calmed down. And Gerasim never again in his life showed interest in either women or dogs.

What is the moral strength of Gerasim?

Strength and courage even in the most difficult moments. Knowing the painful work in the field, the work of the mistress seemed easy to him, but over time, loneliness overtook him too ... The appearance of Mumu helped to overcome loneliness, but not for long. Gerasim remained obedient and "killed" Mumu.

The mighty, strong Gerasim, taken at the whim of the lady from the village to Moscow, symbolizes the strength of the people, his dumbness is a symbol of lawlessness.

In the name "Mumu" one must see not only a special case(the dog's nickname, associated with the impossibility of its owner to speak), but also a deeper meaning: the title and the protagonist of the work symbolize the entire Russian serf people, humiliated, absolutely powerless, but silently demolishing these lawlessness and humiliation.

Lady. Mumu by Turgenev (the characterization of the story must necessarily include psychological portraits of the characters) is a work based on the gradual disclosure of the inner world of the characters. In this regard, the old lady causes the most criticism, since her whims caused the tragedy that happened. According to the author, she was capricious, quick-tempered, in addition, she had frequent mood swings. At the same time, she cannot be denied some housekeeping and diligence. So, she distinguished Gerasim as a capable and hardworking worker, tried to somehow correct Kapiton, but her despotic habits did not lead to the desired result, since she was too stubborn and wayward.

Tatiana. The image of the young woman Tatyana is no exception in this respect. She is a poor downtrodden maid who constantly endures humiliation and mockery, from which only the protection of Gerasim saves her. In the lady's house she works as a laundress. The poor woman is so downtrodden that she unquestioningly follows the order of the butler and pretends to be drunk in front of Gerasim so that he himself will refuse her. The trick was successful, but the janitor still retains sympathy for her and, when she leaves for the village, gives her a red scarf.

At Gerasim had its own prototype - the servant Andrei, nicknamed Mute. The same story happened to him as to his literary incarnation. This hero is a closed, unsociable person, who, however, is distinguished by diligence and efficiency. On the estate, he is considered the best worker, his labor skills are appreciated by everyone, including the old lady herself. This outwardly unsociable person had one weakness - he felt sympathy for the maid Tatyana, whom he even wanted to marry.

Poem in prose it is a lyrical work in prose form; has such features of a lyrical poem as a small volume, increased emotionality, usually plotless composition, a general setting for the expression of a subjective impression or experience, but not such as meter, rhythm, rhyme. Therefore, one should not confuse a poem in prose with forms intermediate between poetry and prose precisely in terms of metrical features - with rhythmic prose and free verse.
"Biryuk"

hard to say right now what is the main theme story "Biryuk". This is a hard peasant life, and a strong personality of a forester, and a betrayal of a beloved woman. Let's look at other aspects that will help us identify the main theme.

My home is my castle That's what everyone who has a roof over their head says. Was the forester's hut a fortress? Let us recall how Turgenev "leads" the hunter and the reader to the peasant's hut. There are no beds in it, only one stove, people have to sleep on the floor. The girl, completely barefoot, who left the room, is Biryuk's daughter. Her childhood is a little like this fun time: she looks after the child, who is still very small and sleeps in a cradle. Everything around is dark and dirty, which is quite understandable - there is no hostess. A real adult woman. It is simply impossible to demand from a child of twelve years of complete order in the house and good care of the baby. Nevertheless, Foma's daughter does not complain about anything, she only dutifully shakes the cradle with the baby. With food, they are also sparse: Biryuk can offer the hunter nothing but bread and water, and the child has to suck only a dirty horn. The family is having a very hard time.

What is the main theme of the story "Biryuk"? Undoubtedly, poverty, but at the same time the strength of a Russian person who could not be broken by circumstances. The strong and incorruptible Biryuk appears before us for the first time illuminated by white lightning. The author immediately showed us a real hero with strong muscles, tall and strong physique. Although he is gloomy, he is still a very good person. He did not let the hunter get wet in the rain, but offered to wait for him in his poor hut. Why, throughout the story, do we see such a strong, but gloomy man? Of course, life is very hard for him. Abandoned by his wife, he was left with two children in distress. Nevertheless, another side of his character is revealed to us - responsiveness. The proof of this is the story of the thief who wanted to cut down the forest in the territory guarded by the forester Biryuk. All the peasants knew that Foma would not let anyone through, would not allow anyone to steal the forest. He did not take bribes, despite his poverty, he honestly did his job. Another main theme of the story "Biryuk" is the incorruptibility of a Russian person, responsibility to the people who entrusted him with such an important position. Serfdom - no! It is worth noting that the desire to abolish serfdom at that time shows what the main theme of the story "Biryuk" is. Thomas and the male thief are serfs. How does each of them live? Very, very poor. But if the first is a strong and decent person, then the other is ready to commit a crime, broke down from poverty. He goes to the territory guarded by the well-known Biryuk, and cuts down the forest at his own peril and risk. Yet he is captured. But even here he shows his weakness, puts pressure on pity, insults Biryuk in order to leave by all means. And Foma, meanwhile, refuses to take the money for the forest, offered by the master-hunter, in order to save the peasant. The story "Biryuk" was written by Turgenev as an expression of protest against serfdom. It shows how hard it was for the serfs at that time. And how people behave differently under difficult circumstances. It is undoubtedly difficult for us, living in another era, to understand how difficult it was for them.

Topic: Spiritual and moral qualities of Gerasim: strength, dignity, compassion for others, generosity, diligence.

Activity goal: the formation of students' skills to implement new ways of action.

Content Purpose: expanding the conceptual base by including new elements in it

Lesson Objectives:

Ι. Educational: analyze the first part of the story (the image of the lady and Gerasim; the image of Tatyana and Gerasim); to form the ability to analyze the text of a work of art; develop the ability to express one's thoughts, evaluate the actions of heroes, draw conclusions; to form an idea of ​​the heroes of the work on the basis of a comparison of verbal and graphic images (illustrations and drawings); enrich vocabulary.

ΙI. Developing: develop the oral speech of students; skills in analyzing the image of a literary hero and skills in comparing the heroes of a work; develop the ability to generalize what has been learned.

II. Educational: cultivate a sensitive attitude to the artistic word; humane attitude towards people.

Personal UUD : formation of a respectful attitude towards a different opinion; development of thinking, attention, phonemic hearing; development of independence and personal responsibility for the results of their activities, goodwill.

Metasubject results:

regulatory UUD: independently formulate the topic and objectives of the lesson; have the ability to set goals.

cognitive UUD: to form the ability to realize the importance of reading for further learning, to understand the purpose of reading; present the content of the read text concisely, selectively.

communicative UUD: to form the ability to argue their proposal, to convince and yield; to form the ability to negotiate, to find a common solution; own monologue and dialogic forms of speech; listen and hear others.

Methods: problem-search (inciting and leading to dialogue), the method of independent work with the text, the visual method (presentation).

Receptions: dialogue, commented reading, expressive reading, building a cluster, frontal questioning, artistic retelling,

Means of education: computer, projector, presentation, textbook, illustrations for the work, an excerpt from the animated film "Mumu" directed by Valentin Karavaev, visual material (illustrations, children's drawings).

Lesson type : a lesson in “discovery” of new knowledge.

Literature:

StoryI.S. Turgenev"Mu Mu".

Textbook "Literature Grade 5" in 2 parts, publishing house "Enlightenment", 2016, recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Authors:V.Ya.Korovina, V.P.Zhuravlev, V.I.Korovin.

O.A. Eremina“Lessons of Literature in Grade 5” a book for teachers.

During the classes

I. Self-determination to activity (organizational moment). slide 1

- Today we have a special lesson. We have guests. Give them your smiles, watch them smile back at you, and let's get started.

The bell rang, we begin our lesson.
To learn a lot, you need to think, reason.
And be careful and be diligent.
And then certainly everyone will show their knowledge!

I wish that today's lesson will bring you only joy.

II. Checking homework slide 2 Brainstorming

- In the last lesson, we got acquainted with the biography of the great Russian writer I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". What are the main facts of the biography you remember? (student answers)

Parable "Everything is in your hands"

“There was a wise man who knew everything. One person wanted to prove that the sage does not know everything. Clutching the butterfly in his hands, he asked: “Tell me, sage, which butterfly is in my hands: dead or alive?” And he himself thinks: “If the living one says, I will kill her, if the dead one says, I will let her out.” The sage, thinking, replied: "Everything is in your hands."

Topic message: "Characterization of the image of the main character from Turgenev's story "Mumu"" and goal settingslide 3

- Based on the topic, what goals can you set for yourself in this lesson?

Analyze the first part of the story (the image of the lady, Tatyana and Gerasim);

evaluate the actions of the hero - generalize, draw conclusions;

enrich vocabulary;

learn to work in pairs

respect the opinion of the interlocutor.

- At home you read the story "Mumu". We work in pairs.slide 4

Examination.slide 6

III . Updating knowledge and fixing difficulties in activities.

1. Rebus Slide 7

- Cross out all the letters of the English alphabet and read the rebus.

r g l l g y d x s o n n i e w m z o d

DEAF-MUTE

- What does this word mean? (This is a manreduced ability to speak due to congenital or acquired deafness.)
Who do you think our lesson will be about?(Gerasim.)

2. Work with the class. In order to begin the characterization of the hero, let's remember what you need to pay attention to.

-When you first see a person, what do you first notice? (Appearance, clothes…)
- To get to know a person better, are these signs alone enough? (No.)
- What else you need to pay attention to get to know a stranger better? (On actions, on attitude towards people around ...)
- Why do you need to pay attention to all this? (In order to understand: what this person is like, what moral qualities he possesses ...)

The scheme is being built.

The scheme is being built.

- Well done! Gerasim is a new character for us from I. Turgenev's story "Mumu". To understand what it is, what will we pay attention to when we re-read this wonderful work? (On a portrait, on deeds ...)Slide 8

- On the slide, we got a cluster that will help us when meeting Gerasim.

IV. Statement of the educational task.

- Since Gerasim cannot tell anything about himself, the idea of ​​him is made up of comparing him with those around him. But first, let's remember the heroes who surrounded Gerasim "Game know the hero"

Slide 9-13

IV. Discovery of new knowledge. Construction of the project of an exit from difficulty.
- Look: there is only one hero, but there are many opinions about him. Let's try to figure out who this person is.Slide 14

1. Work with text. Achieving understanding at the content level.

- What does the lady's house look like and what is the author's first description of the lady? What did we learn about her at the very beginning of the story?Slide 15

“In one of the remote streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white columns, a mezzanine and a crooked balcony, there once lived a mistress, a widow, surrounded by numerous servants. Her sons served in St. Petersburg, her daughters got married; she rarely went out and lived out the last years of her life in solitude.stingy And bored old age. her day, joyless And rainy , long gone; but her evening was blacker than the night .”

- How do you understand the words: “Her day, joyless and rainy, has long passed; but even her evening was blacker than the night”?

(In the morning, a person is called his childhood and youth, the day is maturity, the evening is old age. Turgenev wants to say that the life of this woman was bleak, and old age is completely gloomy.)

2. Watching a cartoon (2 minutes) slide 16

- I suggest you take a lookStart cartoon "Mumu" directed by Valentin Karavaev and answer: what is the difference between the beginning of the cartoon and the beginning of the story by I. Turgenev?

Why did the director add the fly sequence?

(Director Valentin Karavaev added an episode with a fly to show the whims, mood swings, tyranny of the lady.tyranny - this is the behavior of a person who acts on his own whim, he is very capricious and at the same time humiliates the dignity of other people.)

-The director shows us the living conditions of the protagonist, using the example of the lady's behavior. What are they?

3. Portrait of Gerasim. Slide 17

- Let's read paragraph 2 of the story and answer the question: “What makes Gerasim stand out among those around him? With what author's characteristic does the story about him begin?

“Of all her servants, the most remarkable person was the janitor Gerasim,a man twelve inches tall, built by a hero and deaf-mute from birth. The lady took him from the village, where he lived alone, in a small hut, apart from his brothers, and was considered perhaps the most serviceabledraftman. Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the matter was arguing in his hands, and it was fun to look at him when he either plowed and, leaning his huge palms on the plow, it seemed, alone, without the help of a horse, cut up the elastic chest of the earth, or about Petrov the day acted so crushingly as a scythe that even if a young birch forest was brushed off its roots, or it thrashed agilely and non-stop with a three-foot flail, and like a lever, the oblong and hard muscles of his shoulders lowered and rose. The constant silence gave solemn importance to hisnot languidwork.Glorious he was a peasant, and if it were not for his misfortune, any girl would gladly marry him ... But Gerasim was brought to Moscow, they bought him boots, sewed a caftan for the summer, a sheepskin coat for the winter, gave him a broom and a shovel in his hands and determined his janitor." The author uses words like:

“Wonderful” - 1. Outstanding, extraordinarily good.2 .The same as remarkable, worthy of special attention.

“Glorious" - 1. Fame, widely known for something outstanding.2 . Cute, very good - colloquial.)

- How did Gerasim work?

- But the usual course of his life is broken. How does the text say about it?Slide 18

(“…brought to Moscow, bought…, sewn…, given… and determined…”)

- What kind of strength should a lonely old woman have in order to deal with a hero like that?

(The old woman is a landowner, and Gerasim is a serf.)

- Who is a "serf peasant"

Serfs - Peasants attached to the land and personally subordinate to one owner. The nobleman, who owned the peasants, could impose any punishment on them, could sell the peasants, for example, sell the mother to one landowner, and her children to another. Serfs were considered by law the full property of the master. The peasants had to work for the landowner in his field (corvée) or give him part of the money they earned (tire).

Working with the term "comparison". How does Gerasim first perceive his new life?

READING THE TEXT PAGE 190-191.

“At first, he did not like his new life strongly. From childhood, he got used to field work, to village life. Alienated by his misfortune from the community of people, he grew up dumb and powerfullike a tree grows on fertile soil...Moved to the city, he did not understand what was happening to him - he was bored and perplexed,how perplexed a young, healthy bull, who had just been taken from a field where lush grass grew up to his belly- they took it, put it on a railway carriage - and now, dousing his fat body with either smoke with sparks, or undulating steam, they are rushing him now, rushing with a knock and a screech, and where they are rushing - God knows! Gerasim's employment in his new position seemed to him a joke after hard peasant work; in half an hour everything was ready for him, and again he would stop in the middle of the yard and stare, with his mouth open, at all the passers-by, as if wishing to get them to solve his mysterious situation, then he would suddenly go off somewhere into a corner and, throwing a broom far away and shovel, threw himself on the ground face down and lay motionless on his chest for hours,like a captured animal…”

- Slide 19. What is a comparison? (COMPARISON is an artistic technique in which an image is created by comparing one object with another..) Find a comparison in the description of Gerasim.

“grew dumb and mighty, like ………….(the tree grows on fertile land)”

“I was bored and wondered how………. (a young, healthy bull, who had just been taken from a field where juicy grass grew up to his belly, is perplexed)”

“threw himself face down on the ground and lay motionless on his chest for hours, like……… (caught animal)”

- Continue my sentence:“These comparisons help highlight…” (his love of free living.)

6. Acquaintance with the new term "Hyperbole". Hyperbole is a strong exaggeration.

1 paragraph “He was taken to…” P.192 Slide 20

- Read the description of Gerasim's closet. Why do you think the author describes the janitor's housing in such detail?

“He was given a closet above the kitchen; he arranged it for himself, according to his own taste: he built a bed in it from oak planks on four logs, truly heroic bed ; a hundred pounds could be put on it - it wouldn’t bend ; was under the bed hefty chest ; there was a table in the corner strong property , and near the table - a chair with three legs, but such solid and squat that Gerasim himself used to pick it up, drop it and grin. The closet was locked with a lock, reminiscent of its appearance kalach, only black; Gerasim always carried the key to this lock with him on his belt. He didn't like to be visited."

(Turgenev describes Gerasim's closet in such detail in order to use this description to show in more detail the character of the hero: unsociable, strong.)

- Turgenev, talking about Gerasim, uses hyperbole. - Find examples of hyperbole in the text.slide 21

(- he worked for four;
- one, without the help of a horse, cut up the elastic chest of the earth;
- crushingly acted obliquely, that if only a young birch forest was brushed off the roots ...)

8. Physical education. Slide 22-23

9. Gerasim's relationship with the people around him and Tatyana. slide 24

- I.S. Turgenev called his hero Gerasim. What does this name mean and does it correspond to the hero? (The meaning of the name Gerasim comes from the Greek name Gerasimos, meaning "respected", "venerable")STR.191 last paragraph “With the rest of the servants ...)

“With the rest of the servants, Gerasim was not on friendly terms - they were afraid of him - but short: he considered them to be his own. They communicated with him by signs, and he understood them, carried out all orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to take his place in the capital. In general, Gerasim was of a strict and serious disposition, he liked order in everything; even the roosters did not dare to fight in his presence - otherwise it’s a disaster! He sees, immediately grabs his legs, turns the wheel ten times in the air and throws him apart. There were also geese in the lady's yard; but the goose, as you know, is an important and reasonable bird; Gerasim felt respect for them, went after them and fed them; he himself looked like a sedate gander.”

- How did Gerasim's relationship with the courtyards develop? Why does Gerasim feel superior to others? Play episodes of clashes between the inhabitants of the manor house.PAGE 191 from the words ...

“…and what about strangers, so after one night, having caught two thieves, he banged their foreheads against each other, and banged them so hard that at least don’t take them to the police later,everyone in the neighborhood began to respect him very much ; even during the day, those passing by, no longer swindlers, but simply strangers, at the sight of the formidable janitor, waved and shouted at him, as if he could hear their screams.

- Prove that Tatyana was the "bright spot" in Gerasim's life. (“He fell in love with her; whether with a meek expression on her face, or timidity of movements - God knows!”)
- What are the similarities between Gerasim and Tatyana?Slide 25

“From early youth she was kept in a black body; she worked for two, but she never saw any kindness; they dressed her badly, she received the smallest salary; she didn’t have any relatives: one old housekeeper, abandoned in the countryside as unusable, was her uncle, and her other uncles were peasants, that’s all. Once she was known as a beauty, but beauty very soon jumped off her. She was of a very meek disposition, or, rather, frightened; she felt complete indifference to herself, she was mortally afraid of others; she only thought about how to finish the work by the deadline, never spoke to anyone and trembled at the mere name of the mistress, although she almost did not know her in the eye.

- What qualities of character are manifested in his behavior?

An episode of Gerasim's farewell to Tatiana...

- Read expressivelyepisode of Gerasim's farewell to Tatyana . PAGE 202-203.

When everything was ready, and the peasants already held the reins in their hands and waited only for the words: “God bless!”, Gerasim came out of his closet, approached Tatyana and gave her a red paper handkerchief, which he had bought for her a year ago, as a keepsake. Tatyana, who had endured with great indifference up to that moment all the vicissitudes of her life, here, however, could not bear it, shed a tear and, getting into the cart, kissed Gerasim three times in a Christian manner.. He wanted to escort her to the outpost and at first went along with her cart, but suddenly stopped at the Crimean ford, waved his hand and set off along the river.

- slide 24.How does the scene of parting with Tatyana characterize Gerasim? Gerasim is generous. Even a year later, he did not lose his good disposition towards Tatiana. He, the only one of all, took pity on her and managed to ease the moments of parting with the house. He was not afraid of ridicule, “he came out of his closet, approached Tatyana and gave her a red paper handkerchief as a souvenir ...”.

VII. Reflection "Everything is in your hands."

At the end of the lesson, ask students:

What would you like to praise yourself for?

- Please, everyone, stand at the desks and answer my last question, but without words, only with movements.
- If you were bored, not interested, then raise your hands up.
- If you feel great, then hug yourself.
- If you received new knowledge in the lesson, then sit down in your seats.
- Yes, we are all different. We all have the right to our opinion. And we can express our opinion not only with the help of gestures, emotions, but also with the help of speech. You and I have been given the most valuable thing - the ability to speak, something that Gerasim was deprived of. And why I.S. Turgenev made his hero deaf and mute, you will learn in subsequent lessons.

VIII. Information about homework. Slide 27

- The story of Gerasim on behalf of Tatyana, the lady (optional)

Ratings

Mumu was written by Turgenev in 1852. According to the testimony of the writer's contemporaries, it was based on real events that took place in the house of Varvara Turgeneva, the mother of the writer himself. This incident made an indelible impression on the author. And after that, he created a small work, which seemed to critics very sweet, sad and touching. But for Turgenev himself, this story was really terrible.

general characteristics

The description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu" can be started by getting to know the main character. The main character of the work is a deaf-mute janitor named Gerasim, who serves with an elderly lady. Almost from the first lines of his work, the writer distinguishes Gerasim from the rest of the servants. Describing his character, Turgenev emphasizes such qualities as diligence and strength. He does all the work around the house, in the yard, as well as in the stable, and at night he is on guard. Gerasim is an ordinary village man. He is a serf.

Despite the natural lack of a man, he has great physical strength, which must be mentioned in the description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu". He is usually reserved and sullen. It's hard to tell from his face what he's going through. And his severity, apparently, was as innate as his deafness. Also, the main character did not understand the jokes of others. The description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu" in this regard can be supplemented with a quote from the work. Not everyone dared to mock him: he did not like jokes. Even the courtyards were afraid of the janitor. In everything, the main character loved order. And even the roosters did not dare to fight under Gerasim. He lives in a small closet above the kitchen. He arranges everything in this closet according to his own taste.

Appearance

The description of the appearance of Gerasim from the story "Mumu" should contain the information that the writer gives in his work. Turgenev describes the main character as a sedate and important hero. His height is 12 inches (or 195.5 cm). Gerasim Turgenev describes the gait with the help of such definitions: “hard”, “heavy-footed”, “incorrect”. His face is “joyful”, or “lifeless”, “petrified”. Gerasim is dressed in a caftan, sheepskin coat, and boots.

Description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu": character traits

Throughout the story, the reader has the opportunity to observe that in every situation the main character retains his best qualities - honesty, love for work, the ability to sincerely love. Gerasim always keeps his word to the last. He is also endowed with a deep sense of self-worth. This is his moral and spiritual superiority over the rest of the inhabitants of the yard.

To whom Gerasim was attached by soul

A brief description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu" should also contain a short essay on his emotional attachments, because this indicates the ability to love, inherent in the main character. Of all the inhabitants of the courtyard, Gerasim likes Tatyana the most - a woman with a kind and meek character, whose age is about 28 years old. Gerasim treats her kindly, showing signs of attention and not letting anyone offend her. After the evil lady ordered that Tatyana be married to a drunkard, Gerasim became completely sad. He finds a puppy with an interesting color - a white dog covered with black spots. Only with this puppy Gerasim feels happy. He names the dog Mumu. Gerasim takes care of her like her own child.

Brief description of Gerasim's closet from the story "Mumu"

Much can be said about the main character based on the description of his closet. Turgenev writes that Gerasim built a bed for himself from oak planks. The writer calls her "truly heroic." There is a table in the corner, and near the table there is a strong “three-legged chair”. The chair is so solidly made that Gerasim himself sometimes picks it up, deliberately drops it and grins. There is a heavy chest under the bed. The serf's closet is locked.

The actions of the protagonist

Usually, the time when schoolchildren are asked to prepare a description of Gerasim from the story "Mumu" at home is grade 5. At this age, students can already understand those difficult events in the life of a Russian peasant, which Turgenev's work tells about. The serf works for four. Despite such work, even this does not suit the lady. She wants to completely manage the life of her serfs.

First, she marries her maid, Tatiana, to an alcoholic shoemaker. And then he demands that Gerasim's beloved dog Mumu be removed. However, the main character, although he is deaf and mute, shows his intractability. He drowns his beloved dog and then leaves the manor house without even asking the master's permission. Until the end of his days, Gerasim lives as a bean in his village.

character's moral superiority

Despite the fact that Turgenev made his main character mute, in fact, all the other inhabitants of the court can be called dumb. After all, they had no personal desires. They were also ignorant of their own dignity, they were more like slaves. Despite this, Gerasim is on good terms with the servants.

Describing the character of his hero, the writer emphasizes his moral superiority over the rest. In the essay “Description of Gerasim from the story“ Mumu ”, the student can indicate: Turgenev compares the main character with a young bull, a sedate and proud gander. In order to describe the appearance of his hero even more vividly, Turgenev uses the technique of hyperbole. For example, Gerasim mows so crushingly that he could “at least brush a young birch forest from the roots ...”. And if the writer compares his main character with a powerful hero, then the rest of the servants are called "little people" by Turgenev. All the inhabitants of the court sought to please the mistress in everything. They thoughtlessly followed any of her orders, even if these actions humiliated them or those around them.