Nekrasov birthplace history of creation. Analysis of the poem “Motherland” by Nekrasov. Poem test

In the lyrics, N.A. Nekrasov adhered to his own, special line. The poet always tried to unite his voice and the voice of the people. Nekrasov's talent as an artist lies in the ability to give a social generalization with one feature. The individual features of Nekrasov’s images are filled with maximum typicality.

The poem “Motherland” occupies an important place in the work of N.A. Nekrasov. It was created against the backdrop of live communication between the author and V.G. Belinsky.

What is the history of the creation of the poem “Motherland”? The work under such a significant name was written by N.A. Nekrasov in 1846, and published only in 1856. One of the variants of its name was “Old mansions (From Larra)” with a dedication to I.I. Panaev’s brother Valeryan Panaev. The subtitle “From Larra” was fictitious; it was repeatedly used by Nekrasov for censorship purposes.

For a long time, the poem “Motherland” was not allowed through censorship and was not published in literary publications.

The poem “Motherland” was written by Nekrasov in two time periods. The beginning of this poetic work in 1844 was welcomed by V.G. Belinsky. He liked the theme and the author's train of thought, and the critic insisted on a continuation; Work on the poem was completed only in 1846.

At the heart of the poem is the conflict between the lyrical hero and the local-village world. The author does not spare colors to show the lyrical hero’s hatred of the noble manor life. Nekrasov’s lyrical hero is a man reflecting on the past life of the family estate, on the sad fate of his mother, sister, and on his own fate.

The development of events in the poem “Motherland” occurs according to the following scenario: the lyrical hero returns to the places where he grew up and matured, “where the life of his fathers” took place amid feasts and swagger, where he learned to “tolerate and hate.” Before us is a bleak picture - the empty, barren life of a manor house, where there is no place for thought, goodness, but there is tyranny, despotism. Here a swarm of slaves envy the life of the “master's dogs.”

The lyrical hero is unhappy. He is filled with anger and melancholy.

Further development of the poem's plot required the introduction of new characters. The first of them is the hero’s mother. The mother's face in the poem is “painfully sad.” Why are tears flowing, why is the mother’s life actually ruined? All this happened due to an unhappy marriage. Once upon a time, a young, beautiful woman was given to a “gloomy ignoramus,” who became her destroyer.

The sister of the lyrical hero also did not have a better fate. In a hurry to leave the hated house, she entrusted her fate to someone whom she practically did not know and did not love. The sister's fate was extremely tragic.

Next, the third female image appears before us - the nanny. The nanny in Russian literature is, as a rule, a positive type. But in the poem “Motherland,” the lyrical hero showed the makings of denying this image. He calls the nanny’s kindness “senseless and harmful.”

In the final stanza of the poem, all the i's are dotted. The lyrical hero states: “the dark forest has been cut down,” the “empty and gloomy house,” which is so familiar with suffering and pain, has fallen into disrepair. Was there anyone in this estate who felt at ease? Yes.

“And only the one who crushed everyone with himself,
I breathed freely, and acted, and lived..."

The father of the lyrical hero, a serf owner, is presented in the poem as a despotic man. The father of the poet Nekrasov was of the same nature.

Yes, the poem is not without autobiographical motives. And the driving force behind the appearance of “Motherland” was N.A. Nekrasov’s trip to the family nest, the estate of his father Greshnevo in 1845. But you should not greatly develop the autobiographical component. Two poles, two opposite types - a stern father and a humble mother - this is a fairly well-known configuration of a literary device from the category of romantic antitheses.

In addition, already in adulthood, Nekrasov renounced a number of accusatory assessments of his father. The poet admitted that his serf-owner parent was no better and no worse than people of his position.

What place What role does the poem “Motherland” occupy in Nekrasov’s work? It belongs to the early period of creative biography.

main topic The poem “Motherland” is a theme of despotism and oppression, going far beyond the scope of a family chronicle.

The main plot and thematic situation of the verse is “returning to the homeland.”

To what direction in the lyrics? does this work belong to Nekrasov? The poem “Motherland” belongs to the civil direction in lyric poetry.

Genre of the poem- nostalgic elegy. Its recognizable features are the motives of disappointment, unhappy love, early losses and epiphany. Its syntactic structure is “where... where... where...”.

"Where is the swarm of the suppressed..."
"Where it was destined..."
"Where did I learn..."

But Nekrasov’s elegy we are considering is an elegy of a special kind. Although it begins classically serenely:

“And here they are again, familiar places...”

Next, we wait for the traditional tenderness and delight that comes with returning to our homeland. But no! In contrast to the classical canons, starting from the second line, a certain revolution in consciousness occurs, and we see the lyrical hero with a completely different attitude.

Feelings of shame, hatred, grief prevail, nostalgic notes disappear completely. The lord's estate is being dishonored, and this continues almost until the last line of the poem.

Problems of the poem
What problematic issues are raised in this work? Carrying out an analysis of the poem “Motherland”, it can be stated that it touches on the issues of exposing serfdom, despotism, and lawlessness. The lawlessness, horror and hopelessness of autocratic Russia runs like a red thread through the entire work.

The tragedy of the fate of the mother and sister of the lyrical hero is not a special case. Tyranny, slavery, oppression - all this was the “calling card” of autocracy.

There is an invariable expression - “noble nest”. In Russian classics this concept is well known. Once thriving, but over time falling into complete disrepair, these “nests” are usually remembered with a certain sadness. But not in the poem “Motherland”. Everything was so bad in this house that hidden sadness and sweet memories have no place here.

The poem "Motherland" is written in the form of a monologue.

The meter of the poem is iambic hexameter with an adjacent (paired) line rhyme scheme. What gives the poem its originality is the alternation of male and female rhymes every two lines.

Means of artistic expression of Nekrasov’s poem “Motherland”
Epithets - familiar places, senseless swagger, dark garden, unrealistic hope, old house, summer heat.

Metaphors - languid fire, heavy... hour.

Appeals - ... my mother!, ... sister of my soul!, Ah, nanny!

Exclamations - oh! I know, I know!

I like it Nekrasov’s poem “Motherland” by the fact that, despite the unsightly picture painted in it, not everything is so minor and sad. With joy, the lyrical hero sees that “the dark forest has been cut down,” and the dark one is a symbol of everything dense and lagging behind; The hated house, with which a lot of negative things are associated, is also falling down. And if so, then all is not lost; a new life will come, in which there is no place for tyranny and oppression.

Plan for analysis of the poem “Motherland” by N.A. Nekrasov

1. Introduction

2. The history of the creation of the poem “Motherland”

3. Summary of the poem

4. Autobiographical component in the poem “Motherland”

5. The place of the poem in the poet’s work

6. The main theme of the poem “Motherland”

7. Genre of the poem

8. Issues

9. Poem size

10. Means of artistic expression

11. Why I liked the poem “Motherland”

Analysis of Nekrasov's poem Rodina according to plan

1. History of creation. The poem "Motherland" (1846) was written by N. Nekrasov under the influence of memories of his joyless childhood. The immediate reason is the poet's visit to his family estate in adulthood.

2. Genre of the work- an elegy with elements of civil lyrics.

3. Main theme poems are a denunciation of despotism. The work describes the difficult fate of the poet himself. The lyrical hero returns to his native place after many years. Instead of the usual feeling of joy, he is overwhelmed by very difficult memories and philosophical reflections about social injustice.

From the very beginning, Nekrasov poses the problem of the relationship between “quivering slaves” and landowners. His childhood years passed in this unhealthy atmosphere. The poet regrets that memories of this time fill him with “anger and melancholy.” Nekrasov had to feel especially acutely the horror of despotism also because his father was a very cruel man who kept the whole family in constant fear.

In essence, the serf system extended to all inhabitants of the estate. The lyrical hero remembers his poor mother, whose life was ruined by her harsh husband. She silently endured all the humiliation and suffering, forgiving them to the “gloomy ignoramus.” The poet's sister was forced to quickly marry an unloved person, just to leave the hated house. Unfortunately, this did not save her from premature death.

The poet, already in early childhood, felt the constant tension that reigned in the house and found solace in his nanny. But even the memories of this kind woman do not bring him joy. The lyrical hero “with joy” perceives the picture of the destruction of the old manor’s house. The destruction of the family nest brings him satisfaction, because only in this way will the last traces of the hated tyrant disappear.

4. Composition ring poems. It begins with a description of the native places of the lyrical hero. In the center are his memories. The ending of the work returns the reader to the present time.

5. Poem size- iambic hexameter with adjacent rhyme.

6. Expressive means the work is very rich: epithets (“senseless”, “blessed”, “luxurious”), metaphors (“a swarm of slaves”, “tormenting fire”, “the hum of suppressed suffering”), personification (“memories of days... pass”, "dying whisper... forgiven").

7. Main idea poems. "Motherland" was not published for a long time due to censorship reasons. There is clearly a hint of Tsarist Russia in it. Deliverance from despotism will be possible only after the death of the owner (the king) and the destruction of his house (autocracy).

N. A. Nekrasov wrote the poem “Motherland” in 1846. It expressed the poet’s memories of his childhood and parents. You are offered a brief analysis of “Motherland” according to plan. It will be useful when studying the work in a literature lesson in 9th grade.

Brief Analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1846.

Subject- the work belongs to a cycle of poems about the homeland and childhood.

Composition– ring.

Genre- elegy.

Poetic size- iambic, different types of rhyme are used (accurate, inaccurate, masculine, feminine) and the paired method of rhyming AABB.

Metaphors- “a swarm of depressed and trembling slaves”, “...anxiety the languid fire burned the heart until its end“ , “You bore your lot in silence as a slave.”

Epithets– “Dirty debauchery”, “blessed rest”, “A languid fire”, “Memories of the days of youth... luxurious and wonderful”, “face... painfully sad”, “the soul... was proud, persistent and beautiful”, "sad fate", “a cold and stern smile”, “Her senseless and harmful kindness”, “my youth, rebellious and harsh”.

History of creation

The poem “Motherland” was written in 1846. The history of the creation of this work is connected with events far from the moment of its writing - with the poet’s childhood. It is the memories that form the basis of the poem. But Nekrasov does not associate them with love and pleasant nostalgia, like many of his other comrades. His childhood appears in the images of a tyrant father, an unhappy mother forced to endure the behavior of her husband, a little poet who early recognized all the negative traits inherent in the life of a landowner. It was then that his hostility to serfdom and everything connected with it arose.

Subject

The main theme of the poem is the poet’s homeland and memories. But the idea of ​​childhood and the attitude towards it differs significantly from what we are used to reading from other authors: there is no love and sadness for past youth. Unpleasant images of the house and people who surrounded little Nekrasov appear before us: “... the life of my fathers... flowed among feasts, senseless arrogance, dirty debauchery and petty tyranny.”

The reader is also surprised by the joy that the lyrical hero experiences from the fact that his family estate is now destroyed: “With joy I see that the dark forest has been cut down... and the field is scorched, and the herd is idly dozing... and an empty and gloomy house is falling on its side.” But this rejoicing is completely justified if we take into account the poet’s memories of an unhappy childhood.

Composition

The composition of the poem “Motherland” can be called circular. Let's figure out what its features are.

The work consists of six stanzas of different sizes.

In the first part, the lyrical hero returns to where he spent his childhood: “And here they are again, familiar places...”. We expect pleasant memories after these words, but, on the contrary, the poet seems to be transported into the past, which causes pain and sorrow in him: “Memories of the days of his youth... filling my chest with anger and melancholy, pass before me in all their glory...”.

The next part is dedicated to Nekrasov’s mother. We see a garden and among it - an unhappy woman who cries about her difficult fate. She was “given forever to a gloomy ignoramus” and “a slave bore her lot in silence.”

In the third stanza, the poet remembers his sister, who, like her mother, was unhappy during her life and died early. In the next two parts we learn about the poet’s nanny, who was there in the most difficult moments: “Ah, nanny! how many times have I shed tears for her in a difficult time for my heart…” .

At the end of the poem, the poet returns to reality again. A sad picture appears before him: “... a dark forest has been cut down... And the field is scorched, and the herd is dozing idly... And an empty and gloomy house is falling on its side.” But Nekrasov is only glad of this: “... casting my gaze around with disgust, I see with joy...”.

Genre

When defining the genre of the poem “Motherland,” many researchers classify it as an elegy.

The verse consists of six stanzas and is written in iambic. The peculiarity is that the stanzas have a different number of lines. The poet used a paired method of rhyming and different types of rhyme: accurate (places - empty, swagger - tyranny), inaccurate (corrupt - blessed, distant - painfully sad), masculine (slaves - dogs), feminine (see - hate).

Means of expression

The poem is not overloaded with artistic means, but the paths chosen by the poet create vivid images and present the reader with all the terrifying pictures of the surrounding reality. Among them there are metaphors: “a swarm of depressed and trembling slaves”, “...anxious fire burned the heart until the end”, “You bore your lot in silence as a slave.”

Nekrasov also uses many different epithets: “Dirty debauchery”, “blessed peace”, “Tormenting fire”, “Memories of the days of youth... luxurious and wonderful”, “face... painfully sad”, “soul... was proud, stubborn and beautiful”, “sad fate”, “a cold and stern smile”, “Her senseless and harmful kindness”, “my youth, rebellious and harsh”.

Poem test

Rating analysis

Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 23.

Many of Nekrasov's themes are synthesized by the monumental theme of the homeland, to which the poet constantly turned. It expressed his boundless love for his homeland and his high patriotism.

Already in the poet’s early work, this theme receives a vivid, although not entirely ordinary, embodiment. We are talking about the 1846 poem “Motherland” (Nekrasov), which we will analyze. It was created in two stages. At first, only the first part was written, which delighted V. G. Belinsky. Later, the poet, approved and inspired by the critic, continued the poem, deepening those “inclinations of denial” that his enthusiastic admirer noted in the young author. The work was completed in 1846, but it will be published in full only 17 years later.

In the analyzed poem “Motherland” (Nekrasov), the situation in Greshnev, the Nekrasov family estate, is depicted, and many circumstances of the life of the poet’s family are reproduced. In the same year of 1846, when the censor A.V. Nikitenko called for revealing the beauty of noble nests and landowners’ provincial morals (“Probably, there are veins hidden there from which you can extract not only dirt, but also gold”), Nekrasov shows the reigning in one of such nests are “meaningless arrogance”, dirty debauchery and “petty tyranny”. There was a stable tradition of romantic praise of the family nest (“Motherland” by E. A. Baratynsky, “Memory” by K. S. Aksakov), poeticization of every person and every object associated with the native estate. Nekrasov, using a number of epithets that carry an emotional and aesthetic load, reveals the illusory nature of such assessments as “luxurious”, “wonderful”, “in all its glory”, “golden”, applied to pseudo-poetic phenomena and objects. That is why the concept of “house” is now endowed with meaningful definitions such as “gray”, “old”, “empty and gloomy”; “The face in the alley” becomes “painfully sad,” and hope becomes “unrealizable.” The poet's poem is distinguished by its anti-romantic polemical nature. According to A.L. Grishunin, in this poem by Nekrasov one can even see - contrary to the previous, habitual assessments of the native side as a “precious heart” and “radiant” - “a demonstrative denigration of the native nest.” The very appearance of the latter gave grounds for this.

Remembering his father, Nekrasov portrays a gloomy “ignoramus” who ruined the lives of all his relatives, put pressure on everyone in the house, and lived in extravagance and debauchery. Heartfeltly talking about his mother, about her soul, proud, stubborn and beautiful, endowing her with poetic features, the author of the poem “Motherland” (Nekrasov) shows her as a silent victim, a sufferer, a slave. He protests against silence and slave morality. Drawing the image of his sister, the poet says with deep sorrow that she, too, shared with her mother “both the grief and shame of her terrible fate” and repeated her sad fate. Nekrasov has another reflection on the hard lot of a Russian woman who lived in the house of “serf mistresses and hounds.” The poet also conveys the growing self-awareness of the lyrical hero, who has been imbued with hatred of estate life since childhood.

However, by generously introducing autobiographical motifs into the poem about his native places (small homeland), the author masterfully overcomes the narrowly personal theme. He generalizes each of the above images and gives the whole work a broad social meaning. The poem “Motherland” (Nekrasov), the analysis of which interests us, becomes an angry denial of serfdom in general, and not just its manifestations in Greshnev. In this regard, the changes that occurred in the process of choosing the title of the work are significant. At first it was called “Old mansions (From the notes of a hypochondriac)”, then “Old nest (From Spanish, from Larra)”. Finally, the name “Motherland” appears, which carries not only and not so much the meaning of “native land”, “place of birth”, but rather the broad meaning of “fatherland”, “country”. We feel the all-Russian scale of denunciation of despotism and serfdom. In this respect, Nekrasov’s poem is internally akin to Pushkin’s “Village,” but is polemical in relation to “Again I Visited...”. This is especially noticeable in the assessment of the image of the nanny (so vividly poeticized by Pushkin), about whose “senseless and harmful kindness” Nekrasov speaks.