Kindness
21.12.2023

Unexplored places in our world (12 photos). Are there still unexplored places on Earth? Unexplored territories by scientists

Determine the sentence in which NOT (NOR) is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Archaeologists of the Rostov region are concerned about the development of territories (UN)RESEARCHED by scientists.

It was not (NOT) Idle curiosity that brought us to this city.

Through the (NOT) CLOSED curtains a large, brightly lit room could be seen.

The book has still (UN)READ.

(NO) MORE than a third of students gave correct answers to tasks of increased complexity.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here's the correct spelling:

Archaeologists of the Rostov region are concerned about the development NOT STUDYED BY SCIENTISTS territories. (not written separately, because dependent words belong to the participle);

It was NOT idle curiosity that brought us to this city. (if the adjective includes words like by no means, far, at all, etc., then it is not written separately);

Through the OPEN curtains one could see a large, brightly lit room. (there are no dependent words, so it is not written together with the participle);

The book has still NOT BEEN READ. (not with a short participle);

NO MORE THAN A third of students gave correct answers to tasks of increased complexity. (not with comparative adverbs, written separately).

Answer: not closed|not closed.

If you encounter difficulties while completing a task, repeat the Rule attached to it.

Answer: undrawn | undrawn

Rule: Task 13. Integrated and separate spelling of NOT and NI with different parts of speech

Spelling NOT and NOR.

According to the specification, a task of this type checks:

− the ability to distinguish a NOT particle from a NI particle;

− ability to distinguish the prefix NOT from the prefix NI;

− the ability to write together or separately NOT with all parts of speech.

In this regard, we draw attention to the fact that the conditions of tasks, depending on its goals, may vary significantly. At the same time, we also note that in standard Unified State Examination tasks (authors Tsybulko I.P., Lvov, Egoraeva) only the ability to write together or separately NOT with different parts of speech is tested, but in tasks by other authors, including Senina, MMIO (StatGrad) There are also tasks to choose between NOT and NOR. The editors of RESHUEGE also consider it necessary to expand the types of this task within the specifications of the current year.

We also draw your attention to the fact that a number of rules by which spelling is checked are not taught in the school course. Such rules are marked with *.

12.1 Combined and separate spelling of particles NOT and NI.

The particle is not written separately:

1) If there is or is implied a contrast with names, adverbs and participles.

It is necessary to distinguish between direct opposition, in which one of the two features, called adjectives, is denied, and the second is affirmed, and opposition with a concessive shade of meaning, in which both features, called adjectives, are attributed to the subject, i.e. there is a opposition, but without negation .

Wed: The lake is not deep, but shallow (the attribute “deep” is denied and the attribute “shallow” is affirmed). - The lake is shallow, but wide (both attributes are affirmed: “both shallow and wide”; “although shallow, but wide”) .

1) This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep). You are not my friend. They walked not quickly, but slowly. Not a silent, but a growing rumble.
2) *With adjectives, adverbs starting with -o and participles, words starting with -my, if the opposition is implied and the negation is strengthened by the words:

a) not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all;

b) negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, nothing, nothing, etc.

For convenience of explanation, we call them negatives and amplifiers.

a) This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is not at all more beautiful than his sister;
3) *With short adjectives that are not used in full form.3) not happy, should not, is not right, is not visible, does not intend, is not disposed, is not ready, is not obliged, is not needed, does not agree.
4) With full participles in the presence of dependent words (except for words of degree intensifiers, see the list) or opposition (as a general rule)4) Fields of rye that had not yet been harvested could be seen. Not a laughing, but a crying child.
4) *With verbal adjectives formed from imperfective transitive verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im- only if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case.4) The subject I didn’t like was to be taken this year.

This case requires further clarification. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling not with words in -my, formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be either passive participles of the present tense or adjectives (in the first case, the spelling with is not separate, in the second - continuous). They are participles if the instrumental case of the character, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the passive meaning and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Compare: a child not loved by the mother - unloved games in childhood (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement not inhibited by air - the side of the Moon invisible from Earth.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxable, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant and etc. Wed. their writing in the presence of explanatory words: a number indivisible by three, unforgettable meetings for us, through tears invisible to the world, records unthinkable in the recent past, feelings inexpressible in simple words, accounts unverifiable for a long time, dirt impassable in the spring, indeclinable nouns in the Russian language , intolerant behavior in our society, etc.
5) With verbs, gerunds, short participles, with numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions:5) was not, could not, without recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that... not that, not only, not above us.
6) *With adverbs and words of the state category

a) to a comparative extent

b) in the role of a predicate impersonal predicate

6) moved no louder, spoke no faster

I don't need it, she doesn't need it
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition with stress7) not with anyone, not in anything, not about anyone
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition without stress7) with no one, in nothing, about anyone

12.2 Continuous spelling of NOT and NOR.

The particle is not written together:

1) If the word without NOT is not used.A) Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, unchrist;

b) adjectives and adverbs formed from them: careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, never-ending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unfortunate, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;

V) Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;

G) adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really, reluctantly; despite, despite (prepositions)
2) *NOT part of the prefix NEDO, which gives verbs the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to some norm.” The same rules also apply to participles formed from verbs with the prefix NEDO. The prefix UNDER- is often antonymous with the prefix OVER-: under-salt - over-salt, under-full - over-full, under-full - over-fill, under-over-transfer.2) The child really missed the care of his parents. During the war, children were UNDERFOODED and LACKED OF SLEEP. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own abilities, considering himself a genius, but underestimated the abilities of his opponent.
3) With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in -o, -e, when a new word, a new concept is formed, often with a negative quality.3) misfortune (trouble), not easy (difficult), not easy, ugly, not far (close), nearby
4) *In combination with adjectives and adverbs, words denoting the degree of quality: very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (pretty much), quite, blatantly, exclusively, extremely do not affect continuous or separate writing, therefore it is NOT written together.

For convenience of explanation, we call them strengths and degrees.

4) A very unpleasant incident. A completely uninteresting game was invented. He spoke rather incomprehensibly.
5) With full participles in the absence of dependent words or *when dependent words are intensifiers5) We walked along the unlit streets of the town. I made a completely rash decision.
6) *In verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form using the suffixes -em-, -im-. These are not participles, since participles with the suffixes -em, -they should only be of the imperfect form, they are the present tense.6) unfading, inexhaustible, irreconcilable, insurmountable, indomitable, inexhaustible, indestructible.
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, depending on the stress, E or I, but together.7) nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nowhere-nowhere, nowhere-from-nowhere, no-no-nothing, no-time-never.

12.3. The particles NOT and NI differ in meaning:

To correctly select the particles NOT and NI, their semantic differences should be taken into account. Let's display them in tables.

Main uses of negative particles

The particle is NOT usedNI particle is used
1) to express negation:

There were no letters or telegrams.

Brother doesn't look like a liar.

It’s not the moon or the stars that interest me, but only meteorites.

1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT

There were no letters or telegrams.

The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker.

I'm not interested in the stars or the moon.
2) to express a statement with a connotation of obligation (double negative):

He couldn't help but call.

We couldn't help but notice.

2) to express quantitative negation:

The sky is clear.

Not a drop of dew in my mouth.
3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences:

You won't be able to catch up with the crazy three!

There will be no war or fire!

3) for emotional expression of prohibition, order, obligation:

No step back!

Not a sound! Not a day without a line!
4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration:

Aren't you my guest?

No matter how cold the frost hits!

Why not a hero!

4) to express uncertainty:

He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (cf.: He is either old or young).

In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor fowl.
5) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences when expressing an underlined statement:

Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t scolded them!

(A. Pushkin)

Isn't it true that we have become wiser?

With your condition, how can you not get married? (L. Tolstoy)

5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized intensifying meaning (with allied words: whoever.., whatever.., wherever.., etc.).

Whatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry.

Whenever you ask him, he won’t mince his words.

Complex cases of distinguishing between NEI and NOT

1.In subordinate clauses. Compare:
Does NOT express negation:

When my brother didn't come, everyone felt bored.

There are no wars where soldiers do not die.

NI expresses the statement with a touch of generality:

Whenever my brother came, he always brought excitement and joy.

Wherever soldiers die, they should be remembered and honored.
2. In revolutions not one and none; not once and not once. Compare:
Does not express negation:

Not one of us (that is, many) was ready for the ascent.

More than once (i.e. many times) I had to meet a wild beast.

Neither expresses increased negation:

Neither of us (that is, no one) was up to the climb.

Not once (that is, never) have I encountered a wild animal.
3. In pronominal phrases. Compare:
Expressive phrases with NOT contain the meaning of hidden opposition and are used in affirmative sentences (cf.: no one else, but..)

None other than a woodpecker was knocking dully in the forest.

Before us was nothing more than an ancient cave.

These phrases are used in negative sentences and serve to strengthen the negation: no one... not; nothing is not:

No one else could have led us to the right path.

Nothing else but music captivated me so much.

Remember!

Compound amplification turns with particle ni:

by all means, no matter what, wherever, wherever, as if nothing had happened, etc.

Spelling varies Not with verbal adjectives -my and with participles -my; if there are explanatory words, the first ones are written together (like denominate adjectives), the second ones are written separately, for example:

A) uninhabited since ancient times the island insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;

b) reserves not visited by hunters, unreadable non-specialist magazines, not my favorite mother child.

To adjectives on -my include words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible). These words are subject to general spelling rules. Not with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and with explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of writing adjectives separately with Not, if explanatory words are pronouns and adverbs starting with neither, or combinations far from, not at all, not at all(see above, paragraph 6, note 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable the impression is that countries are not dependent on anyone, by no means insoluble crystals; This is a phenomenon neither from life nor from art irreparable. The exception is words that, without Not not used, for example: by no one invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.

Note.

It is necessary to distinguish between spelling Not with words on -my, formed from imperfective transitive verbs: such words can be either passive present participles or adjectives (in the first case, spelled with Not separate, in the second - merged). They are participles if the instrumental case of the character, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the passive meaning and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not my favorite mother child - unloved in childhood, games (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant feature, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement, uninhibited by air - invisible from the Earth side of the Moon.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxed, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant, etc. Cf. their writing with explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable for us to meet, through invisible tears to the world, unthinkable in the recent past records, indescribable in simple words of feeling, unverifiable accounts from a long time ago, impassable mud in the spring, unyielding in Russian nouns, intolerant behavior in our society, etc.

On our planet, along with modern, technologically and industrially developed megacities, there are many places created by ancient masters or nature itself.

Each such attraction has its own legend and, naturally, is silent about a lot of things. Mysterious places raise a huge number of questions among scientists, confusing them with anomalous phenomena and the unknown.

1. Devils Tower, USA

The so-called Devil's Tower is actually a natural rock of amazingly regular shape and consists of columns with sharp corners. This truly mysterious place, which, according to research, is more than 200 million years old, is located in the USA, in the territory of the modern state of Wyoming.


In size, the Devil's Tower is several times larger than the Cheops Pyramid and from the outside resembles a man-made structure. Thanks to its unrealistic size and unnaturally correct configuration, the rock has become the object of attention of many scientists, and local residents claim that Satan himself built it.


2. Cahokia Mounds, USA

Cahokia or Cahokia is an abandoned Indian city, the ruins of which are located near Illinois, USA. This place is reminiscent of how ancient civilizations lived, and its complex structure proves that this area was inhabited by a highly developed people 1500 years ago. The ancient city is striking in its scale; a network of terraces and 30-meter earthen mounds, as well as a huge solar calendar, have been preserved on its territory.


It is still unknown why a society of almost 40 thousand people left their settlement, and which Indian tribes are direct descendants of the Cahokians. Despite this, the Cahokia mounds are a favorite place for many tourists who come here in the hope of unraveling the mystery of the ancient city.


3. Chawinda, Mexico

This mystical place, according to Aboriginal beliefs, is the center of intersection of the real and other worlds. That is why incredible things happen here that are difficult for modern people to understand.


Chawinda is of interest to many treasure hunters, because according to legend, this area hides unprecedented wealth. Unfortunately, no one has yet managed to find the treasure. Would-be treasure hunters often attribute their failures to otherworldly forces.


4. Newgrange, Ireland

Newgrange is the oldest building on the territory of modern Ireland, it is already about 5 thousand years old. It is believed that this long corridor with a transverse room is a grave, but scientists have not yet been able to determine for whom.


It is still unknown how ancient people were able to build such a perfect structure, which for five thousand years was not only lucky enough to survive, maintaining its primitive appearance, but also to remain completely waterproof.


5. Pyramids of Yonaguni, Japan

Mysterious underwater pyramids near the western Japanese island of Yonaguni are causing a lot of controversy among modern archaeologists and surveyors. The main question is whether the structures are a natural phenomenon, or whether they were created by the hand of an ancient man.


In the course of numerous studies, it was possible to establish that the age of the Yonaguni pyramids is more than 10 thousand years. Therefore, if the Yonagun monuments created mysterious civilizations unknown to us, then the history of mankind should be rewritten.

Mysterious civilization. Underwater cities of Yonaguni

6. Geoglyphs of Nazca, Peru

The Nazca geoglyphs in Peru are one of the most mysterious places on the planet. They were discovered in the middle of the last century and are still actively discussed by scientists who cannot say unambiguously what the ancient people wanted to express with these giant drawings of animals and for what purpose were they used?


Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to ask the creators, but scientists offer 2 main versions: some, leaning towards the cosmic theory of the origin of geoglyphs, believe that they are landmarks for alien ships, others claim that they are giant lunar calendars. In any case, the Nazca rock paintings are proof of the existence on the territory of modern Peru of an ancient and mysterious civilization that lived here long before the famous Incas and was distinguished by a high level of development.


7. Black Bamboo Hollow, China

Black Bamboo Hollow or Heizhu is perhaps the most terrible place on Earth. Local residents have nicknamed it the Valley of Death, and they do not even want to get close to it at any cost. Just the memory of the ravine fills them with great horror.


They say that children and pets disappear here without a trace, and there is a lot of documentary evidence of this. Scientists have been interested in the hollow of black bamboo for decades; they have been able to prove that the valley in the Chinese province of Sichuan is an anomalous area with a harsh climate and sharply changing weather conditions, which together provoke soil subsidence, which, according to scientists, is the cause of missing people .


8. Giant's Causeway, Ireland

The Giant's Causeway, or Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland is an amazing coastal area formed many centuries ago as a result of a volcanic eruption. It consists of approximately 40 thousand basalt columns that look like giant steps.


The natural attraction is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This place deserves admiration, which is why more than one thousand tourists from all over the world visit it every year.


9. Goseck Circle, Germany

The Goseck Circle is an ancient Neolithic structure in the German district of Burgenlandkreis. The circle was accidentally discovered in the early 90s of the last century while surveying the area from an airplane.


The original appearance of the building was restored only after complete reconstruction. Scientists have little doubt that the Goseck Circle was used for astronomical observations and calendaring. This proves that our ancestors also studied cosmic bodies, their movements and kept track of time.


10. Moai monuments on Easter Island

Easter Island is famous throughout the world for the giant Moai statues located throughout its territory. Each such megalithic figure is a large monument created by the masters of an ancient civilization in the crater of the local volcano Rano Raraku.


In total, about 1,000 remains of such man-made monuments were discovered on the island. Most have already gone under water.


Today, the vast majority of the statues are once again placed on platforms facing the ocean, from where they continue to greet visitors to the island and remind of the former power of the ancient people who inhabited these spaces.

Easter Island - Moai Message

11. Georgia Tablets, USA

The Georgia Tablets are 20-ton polished granite slabs with inscriptions in eight of the world's most famous languages. The inscriptions represent commandments for future generations on how to rebuild civilization after a global cataclysm. The monument was erected in 1979, the customer is listed in the documents under the name Robert C. Christian.


The height of the monumental structure is just over six meters, and the slabs are oriented towards the four sides of the world and have holes. In one of them you can see the North Star at any time of the year, in the second - the Sun during the solstice and equinox. Several years ago, the monument was vandalized and was damaged by paint, which has not yet been removed.


12. Rishat (Eye of the Sahara). Mauritania

On the territory of modern Mauritania, the largest desert in the world hides an amazing natural phenomenon of the Proterozoic period, whose name is Richat or the Eye of the Sahara.


This object is incredibly huge (up to 50 kilometers in diameter), so it can be seen even from space. The structure consists of several ellipsoidal rings formed by sedimentary rocks and sandstones about 500 million years ago.


13. “Gateway to Hell” – Darvaza crater in Turkmenistan

In the Turkmen Karakum desert there is the Darvaza gas crater, which in appearance resembles a gate to hell. This fire pit, about 60 meters in diameter and up to 20 meters deep, is the result of excavations carried out here during the Soviet Union.


During such geological research, a group of scientists discovered an underground cavern with natural gas, which almost led to the death of a huge number of people. Therefore, the management decided to set fire to the gas so that it would not threaten local residents. But the fire, which was supposed to burn for no more than 5 days, is still burning, bringing fear to everyone who approaches it.


Brave people are ready to take selfies at the Gates of Hell

14. Arkaim, Russia

Arkaim is an ancient settlement, reminiscent of ancient civilizations, which was discovered several decades ago in the vicinity of Chelyabinsk. It is believed that this landmark of Russia is the birthplace of the ancient Aryans, who gave rise to European, Persian and Indian civilizations.


Arkaim is not only a unique architectural monument with a thousand-year history, but also a place of concentration of healing energy flows that can save a person from any disease.


15. Stonehenge, England

English Stonehenge is a real place of pilgrimage for tourists from all over the world. It attracts with its mystery, legends and mystical beginnings. Stonehenge is a megalithic structure up to one hundred meters in diameter, which is located on Salisbury Plain. Territory of mysteries. Stonehenge

16. Loch Ness, Scotland

Loch Ness in Scotland is one of the deepest lakes on the European continent. It hides many mysteries. Eyewitnesses claim that a prehistoric animal named Nessie lives in the lake, which in appearance resembles a plesiosaur (a type of dinosaur that went extinct about 65 million years ago).


To date, scientists have not been able to obtain evidence of the existence of the Loch Ness monster, but photographs of it taken by Nessie hunters periodically appear in the press.


Is this a photo montage or not? Experts are engaged in clarifying such issues.


17. Bermuda Triangle, Atlantic Ocean

The mystery of the Bermuda Triangle is the mystery of human lives tragically cut short under unclear circumstances. It is located in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, between Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico.


Modern history includes about a hundred mystical disappearances of people, planes and even ships in this anomalous zone. Here, equipment periodically fails, aircraft simply disappear from radar in clear, calm weather, and ships go off course. At the same time, it is not possible to find any evidence of the crash of the latter: no wreckage, no sunken parts of the ships.


18. Egyptian pyramids, Giza Valley, Egypt

One of the 7 wonders of the world, the Egyptian pyramids are majestic and mysterious structures with a thousand-year history. Currently, this is one of the main attractions in the world, which millions of tourists want to see. The mystery of the construction of the pyramids, as well as their history, purpose and durability, is the subject of debate among more than a dozen scientists.


There have always been discussions around the existence of pyramids, based both on real facts and on myths and legends. One thing is for sure, the pyramids in Giza are proof of the greatness and power of the pharaonic empire, which lasted for hundreds of years and left a significant imprint on the entire history of mankind.

Surprisingly, but true: there are still places on our planet where no human has ever set foot! They are only photographed from airplanes or from space orbit.

According to scientists, about thirty percent of the Earth's surface remains to be “explored” by expeditions. Is it a lot or a little? I believe that it is a lot, since we are talking about land. The largest unexplored (or poorly explored) areas are in South America. First of all, it is worth immediately identifying the Amazon basin with its virgin forests. There, even now, in our time, there are tribes that have never had any contact with modern civilization. The forests and rivers of the Amazon keep many secrets. In the jungle you can easily end up as lunch for wild predatory animals. In the rivers, crocodiles and anacondas will happily snack on you.

North-Eastern Siberia is recognized as the second most important “white spot” in the world. There are very few roads there at all. Taiga, mountains, and a very harsh climate do not allow for a good exploration of this vast territory. Other places can only be reached by helicopter. Severe cold (on average minus 45 degrees) in winter, dense hordes of mosquitoes, midges, and gadflies in summer... permafrost. To complete the picture, it must also be said that North-Eastern Siberia is the most sparsely populated territory of Eurasia.

Antarctica is considered the third little-studied place on the planet. Although it has been studied by scientists from several countries for decades, about half of the territory is still only approximately indicated on the map. And even then from the air, and not by other (more reliable in terms of accuracy) methods. The most poorly studied territory of Antarctica is its western part.

In fourth place is Greenland. It is 80 percent covered with ice. And this is really a “white spot” on the maps. Global warming has caused the ice of Greenland to retreat and reveal unknown mountains, depressions, and plains. Even new rivers appeared.

However, there are places on Earth that are less famous in terms of their degree of exploration, but more exotic. For example, the northern mountains of Colombia. Not a single scientific expedition would dare to go to those places. Cause? This part of Colombia is under the complete control of armed militant groups of drug traffickers. Diplomacy is unknown to them.

Another exotic, but also extremely dangerous place on the planet for research is Papua New Guinea. More than half of its territory has never had any scientific expeditions. Cause? In the mountains and forests of this country there are tribes of cannibals. How many there are is unknown. But they are hostile to any contact with them and, at every opportunity, they capture those who dare to pass through their territory. The end of captivity is always the same - a bloody ritual of eating the aliens.

Getting to know Namibia can be no less dangerous. Its rich wildlife constantly attracts poachers armed with the latest small arms. More than 2,500 cheetahs live in Namibia - a quarter of all cheetahs on the planet. Although the constitution of this country has a special article on the protection of wild animals, poachers simply meet with machine-gun fire any attempts to detain them or even photograph them. It is clear that in such conditions there can be no talk of any scientific research.

The Tibetan Plateau is also poorly studied. But here the reason is completely different - an almost Martian landscape, complete desolation, absolute impassability. You will be very lucky if your local guide can guide you correctly. Otherwise, the entire expedition will face certain painful death due to hellish conditions. By the way, cartographers still cannot even create a general map of the Tibetan plateau. You can still go along it in any direction and not know what will be ahead. Monotonous mountains and rocks create the feeling of being on an unknown planet.

On Earth there is not only a part of the land unknown to research. Scientists say that the Moon is much better studied than the sea depths of our planet. And as an example - the Mariana deep-sea trench. Only very recently (in 2011) its relief was obtained from a US military vessel using a multibeam echo sounder. What is there, in the depression itself, is unknown. But one of the last descents of the bathysphere almost ended in tragedy. The strongest titanium cable was “cut” by an unknown sea creature at great depths. Only by some miracle did it not break. What kind of monster tried to “gnaw” a metal cable at a depth of many kilometers?

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

A group of scientists had to go to a still (NOT) EXPLORED section of the island.

After everything Nikita heard that evening, he realized that his position was by no means (UN)FAVORABLE.

An old house, decorated with wooden carvings, stood on a (NOT) HIGH hill, but for some reason it stood out against the background of the other hillocks.

Some fragments of the manuscript are still (NOT) FOUND.

(UN)DECIDING to approach his father, Deniska stood and shifted from foot to foot.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Let's give the correct spelling.

A group of scientists had to go to a not yet explored (the participle participle is written with NOT separately) section of the island.

After everything that Nikita heard that evening, he realized that his position was by no means advantageous (the word NOT refers to the adverb, so the adverb with NOT is written separately).

An old house, decorated with wooden carvings, stood on a LOW (can be replaced with the synonym “low”), but for some reason it stood out against the background of the other hillocks.

Some fragments of the manuscript have still NOT BEEN FOUND (NOT with the short participle separately).

Not daring (not with the gerunds separately) to approach his father, Deniska stood and shifted from foot to foot.

Answer: low.

Answer: low

Rule: Task 13. Integrated and separate spelling of NOT and NI with different parts of speech

Spelling NOT and NOR.

According to the specification, a task of this type checks:

− the ability to distinguish a NOT particle from a NI particle;

− ability to distinguish the prefix NOT from the prefix NI;

− the ability to write together or separately NOT with all parts of speech.

In this regard, we draw attention to the fact that the conditions of tasks, depending on its goals, may vary significantly. At the same time, we also note that in standard Unified State Examination tasks (authors Tsybulko I.P., Lvov, Egoraeva) only the ability to write together or separately NOT with different parts of speech is tested, but in tasks by other authors, including Senina, MMIO (StatGrad) There are also tasks to choose between NOT and NOR. The editors of RESHUEGE also consider it necessary to expand the types of this task within the specifications of the current year.

We also draw your attention to the fact that a number of rules by which spelling is checked are not taught in the school course. Such rules are marked with *.

12.1 Combined and separate spelling of particles NOT and NI.

The particle is not written separately:

1) If there is or is implied a contrast with names, adverbs and participles.

It is necessary to distinguish between direct opposition, in which one of the two features, called adjectives, is denied, and the second is affirmed, and opposition with a concessive shade of meaning, in which both features, called adjectives, are attributed to the subject, i.e. there is a opposition, but without negation .

Wed: The lake is not deep, but shallow (the attribute “deep” is denied and the attribute “shallow” is affirmed). - The lake is shallow, but wide (both attributes are affirmed: “both shallow and wide”; “although shallow, but wide”) .

1) This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep). You are not my friend. They walked not quickly, but slowly. Not a silent, but a growing rumble.
2) *With adjectives, adverbs starting with -o and participles, words starting with -my, if the opposition is implied and the negation is strengthened by the words:

a) not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all;

b) negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, nothing, nothing, etc.

For convenience of explanation, we call them negatives and amplifiers.

a) This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is not at all more beautiful than his sister;
3) *With short adjectives that are not used in full form.3) not happy, should not, is not right, is not visible, does not intend, is not disposed, is not ready, is not obliged, is not needed, does not agree.
4) With full participles in the presence of dependent words (except for words of degree intensifiers, see the list) or opposition (as a general rule)4) Fields of rye that had not yet been harvested could be seen. Not a laughing, but a crying child.
4) *With verbal adjectives formed from imperfective transitive verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im- only if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case.4) The subject I didn’t like was to be taken this year.

This case requires further clarification. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling not with words in -my, formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be either passive participles of the present tense or adjectives (in the first case, the spelling with is not separate, in the second - continuous). They are participles if the instrumental case of the character, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the passive meaning and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Compare: a child not loved by the mother - unloved games in childhood (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement not inhibited by air - the side of the Moon invisible from Earth.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxable, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant and etc. Wed. their writing in the presence of explanatory words: a number indivisible by three, unforgettable meetings for us, through tears invisible to the world, records unthinkable in the recent past, feelings inexpressible in simple words, accounts unverifiable for a long time, dirt impassable in the spring, indeclinable nouns in the Russian language , intolerant behavior in our society, etc.
5) With verbs, gerunds, short participles, with numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions:5) was not, could not, without recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that... not that, not only, not above us.
6) *With adverbs and words of the state category

a) to a comparative extent

b) in the role of a predicate impersonal predicate

6) moved no louder, spoke no faster

I don't need it, she doesn't need it
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition with stress7) not with anyone, not in anything, not about anyone
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition without stress7) with no one, in nothing, about anyone

12.2 Continuous spelling of NOT and NOR.

The particle is not written together:

1) If the word without NOT is not used.A) Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, unchrist;

b) adjectives and adverbs formed from them: careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, never-ending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unfortunate, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;

V) Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unwell, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;

G) adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really, reluctantly; despite, despite (prepositions)
2) *NOT part of the prefix NEDO, which gives verbs the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to some norm.” The same rules also apply to participles formed from verbs with the prefix NEDO. The prefix UNDER- is often antonymous with the prefix OVER-: under-salt - over-salt, under-full - over-full, under-full - over-fill, under-over-transfer.2) The child really missed the care of his parents. During the war, children were UNDERFOODED and LACKED OF SLEEP. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own abilities, considering himself a genius, but underestimated the abilities of his opponent.
3) With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in -o, -e, when a new word, a new concept is formed, often with a negative quality.3) misfortune (trouble), not easy (difficult), not easy, ugly, not far (close), nearby
4) *In combination with adjectives and adverbs, words denoting the degree of quality: very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (pretty much), quite, blatantly, exclusively, extremely do not affect continuous or separate writing, therefore it is NOT written together.

For convenience of explanation, we call them strengths and degrees.

4) A very unpleasant incident. A completely uninteresting game was invented. He spoke rather incomprehensibly.
5) With full participles in the absence of dependent words or *when dependent words are intensifiers5) We walked along the unlit streets of the town. I made a completely rash decision.
6) *In verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form using the suffixes -em-, -im-. These are not participles, since participles with the suffixes -em, -they should only be of the imperfect form, they are the present tense.6) unfading, inexhaustible, irreconcilable, insurmountable, indomitable, inexhaustible, indestructible.
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, depending on the stress, E or I, but together.7) nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nowhere-nowhere, nowhere-from-nowhere, no-no-nothing, no-time-never.

12.3. The particles NOT and NI differ in meaning:

To correctly select the particles NOT and NI, their semantic differences should be taken into account. Let's display them in tables.

Main uses of negative particles

The particle is NOT usedNI particle is used
1) to express negation:

There were no letters or telegrams.

Brother doesn't look like a liar.

It’s not the moon or the stars that interest me, but only meteorites.

1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT

There were no letters or telegrams.

The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker.

I'm not interested in the stars or the moon.
2) to express a statement with a connotation of obligation (double negative):

He couldn't help but call.

We couldn't help but notice.

2) to express quantitative negation:

The sky is clear.

Not a drop of dew in my mouth.
3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences:

You won't be able to catch up with the crazy three!

There will be no war or fire!

3) for emotional expression of prohibition, order, obligation:

No step back!

Not a sound! Not a day without a line!
4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration:

Aren't you my guest?

No matter how cold the frost hits!

Why not a hero!

4) to express uncertainty:

He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (cf.: He is either old or young).

In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor fowl.
5) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences when expressing an underlined statement:

Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t scolded them!

(A. Pushkin)

Isn't it true that we have become wiser?

With your condition, how can you not get married? (L. Tolstoy)

5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized intensifying meaning (with allied words: whoever.., whatever.., wherever.., etc.).

Whatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry.

Whenever you ask him, he won’t mince his words.

Complex cases of distinguishing between NEI and NOT

1.In subordinate clauses. Compare:
Does NOT express negation:

When my brother didn't come, everyone felt bored.

There are no wars where soldiers do not die.

NI expresses the statement with a touch of generality:

Whenever my brother came, he always brought excitement and joy.

Wherever soldiers die, they should be remembered and honored.
2. In revolutions not one and none; not once and not once. Compare:
Does not express negation:

Not one of us (that is, many) was ready for the ascent.

More than once (i.e. many times) I had to meet a wild beast.

Neither expresses increased negation:

Neither of us (that is, no one) was up to the climb.

Not once (that is, never) have I encountered a wild animal.
3. In pronominal phrases. Compare:
Expressive phrases with NOT contain the meaning of hidden opposition and are used in affirmative sentences (cf.: no one else, but..)

None other than a woodpecker was knocking dully in the forest.

Before us was nothing more than an ancient cave.

These phrases are used in negative sentences and serve to strengthen the negation: no one... not; nothing is not:

No one else could have led us to the right path.

Nothing else but music captivated me so much.

Remember!

Compound amplification turns with particle ni:

by all means, no matter what, wherever, wherever, as if nothing had happened, etc.

Spelling varies Not with verbal adjectives -my and with participles -my; if there are explanatory words, the first ones are written together (like denominate adjectives), the second ones are written separately, for example:

A) uninhabited since ancient times the island insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;

b) reserves not visited by hunters, unreadable non-specialist magazines, not my favorite mother child.

To adjectives on -my include words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible). These words are subject to general spelling rules. Not with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and with explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of writing adjectives separately with Not, if explanatory words are pronouns and adverbs starting with neither, or combinations far from, not at all, not at all(see above, paragraph 6, note 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable the impression is that countries are not dependent on anyone, by no means insoluble crystals; This is a phenomenon neither from life nor from art irreparable. The exception is words that, without Not not used, for example: by no one invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.

Note.

It is necessary to distinguish between spelling Not with words on -my, formed from imperfective transitive verbs: such words can be either passive present participles or adjectives (in the first case, spelled with Not separate, in the second - merged). They are participles if the instrumental case of the character, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the passive meaning and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not my favorite mother child - unloved in childhood, games (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant feature, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement, uninhibited by air - invisible from the Earth side of the Moon.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxed, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant, etc. Cf. their writing with explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable for us to meet, through invisible tears to the world, unthinkable in the recent past records, indescribable in simple words of feeling, unverifiable accounts from a long time ago, impassable mud in the spring, unyielding in Russian nouns, intolerant behavior in our society, etc.

Today the world seems much smaller than it used to be. Globalization, improved communications, and the Internet have led to the fact that almost every corner of the globe has become accessible to people. But in the farthest corners of our planet, there are still several godforsaken places where no human has set foot. Most of them are extremely dangerous, but this does not mean that they are deserted. By the way, every year from 17 to 18 thousand new species are discovered by scientists, starting from the end of the Second World War. By some estimates, humanity still has about 10 million new species to discover before it can claim to have explored absolutely everything on Earth. Below you will find a list of 12 places on our planet that still remain shrouded in mystery.

12. Gangkhar-Puensum

Mount Gangkhar Puensum, 7570 meters high, is located on the border of Bhutan and China. It is considered the highest mountain in the world that no one has ever climbed. However, Gangkhar Puensum is not the explorer's paradise you might think. The reason the mountain is unexplored is that it is illegal to practice any form of mountaineering on it. Moreover, any mountain higher than 6,000 meters in Bhutan is considered the home of holy spirits, and those injured or trapped there may have little hope of receiving help from the locals. The ban on climbing Mount Gangkhar Puensum has been in effect for twenty years, and there are no plans to lift it.

11. Mulu, Borneo


Gunung Mulu boasts the world's largest cave system, and only 10% of it has been explored. Compared to most of the places on our list, Mulu is fairly easy to get to via daily flights, river boats, or walking. Despite the relative ease of getting there, you will have to work hard not to get lost there, since most of the caves and jungle remain shrouded in mystery.

10. Namibia


Namibia is the most sparsely populated country in Africa. This is the only place on our list that includes desert. The Kalahari Desert stretches across Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. Much of Namibia, especially the Kalahari, remains unexplored. Here every explorer will find something interesting for himself, from amazing animals to incredible landscapes. In addition, Namibia became the first country on Earth to take environmental protection seriously by introducing appropriate clauses into the country's Constitution. About 15% of the country's land is legally protected, which guarantees its purity and inviolability for the hands of those who are hungry for profit.

9. Greenland Ice Sheet


The Greenland Ice Sheet covers almost 80% of Greenland and is more than 3 kilometers thick. Only the Antarctic ice sheet is bigger than it. As you might guess, it follows that it hides a sea of ​​uncharted lands. In June 2014, scientists discovered a completely new world hidden from human eyes under an ice cap. They were shocked to discover various irregularities and curves beneath the smooth icy surface. This once again proves that Greenland contains much more than we think.

8. Kamchatka, Russia


Siberia, located in northern Russia, is famous for its frosts. And although it makes up 77% of the country's territory, only 27% of the total population is concentrated in this region. And although this entire zone has been little explored, its most mysterious area is the Kamchatka Peninsula, located in northeastern Siberia. Only 300,000 people live here. The peninsula itself is replete with geological wonders, including volcanoes, geysers and amazing bays. The reasons for its lack of exploration are its remoteness and harsh winters.

7. Amazon Rainforest


The Amazon rainforest remains largely unexplored due to its enormous size: spanning nine countries and covering an area of ​​5,500,000 square kilometers, it is considered the largest forest in the world. 10% of our planet's species are concentrated in the Amazon forests, but scientists believe that most of them are yet to be discovered.

6. Great Barrier Reef


The Great Barrier Reef is not only one of the most unexplored places on the planet, but also one of the most at risk of being destroyed. It would be logical to study it while we still can. The reef faces a number of serious threats, such as the greenhouse effect and warming oceans, as well as human irresponsibility. More than 900 islands and 2,500 reefs lie within its boundaries, promising a wealth of exploration. New species of animals are discovered here every now and then, which proves how little we know about the ocean.

5. Papua New Guinea


Like much of the Barrier Reef, Papua New Guinea is also a great place for explorers. Although it is home to several tribes, it is largely unexplored territory. The dense vegetation here makes the jungle incredibly difficult to navigate, and the lack of paved roads and limited infrastructure mean tourist numbers are minimal. Roughly speaking, about 2/3 of all species in Papua New Guinea are endemic, which fuels the special desire of scientists to study this corner.

4. Myanmar


Myanmar, also known as Burma, has quite a lot of unexplored territory, despite the fact that a number of expeditions have been sent there over the past few years. The dangerous political situation in the country, which has persisted for the last 50 years, was the main reason for the lack of tourists and scientists here, but since 2011 its borders have again become open to the public. Myanmar boasts 135 ethnic groups inhabiting its territory, rich history and culture, as well as rare animal species.

3. Rainforests of the Congo


And while the Amazon jungle is much larger, the Congo rainforest is much less explored. The Congo River Basin, which covers as much as 15% of all of Africa, is an attractive destination for both locals and foreigners. Local tribes tell legends about dinosaur-like creatures sneaking through the thickets of the Congo, and visiting tourists are interested in the tribes themselves, most of whom are Bantu people. The first explorations of this region date back to 1876, when Henry Morton Stanley spent three years in the local forests, traveling more than 9,000 kilometers, but even despite his travels, this area still remains a mystery.

2. Lake Vostok, Antarctica


Antarctica remains a mystery even in the 21st century. Most expeditions heading here depart from Tierra del Fuego in Argentina (one of the southernmost points of the country). One of the most intriguing places in Antarctica is Lake Vostok. Located in the east of the continent, this lake was covered with ice some 15-25 million years ago, making it an excellent source of fossils from that era. And although the lake itself was discovered in 1993, it has not yet been fully explored.

1. Mariana Trench


While we know almost nothing about the oceans, the Mariana Trench is an even more mysterious place. Its deepest place is the Challenger Deep, which reaches a depth of 11 thousand meters. It is home to strange and unique creatures accustomed to enormous water pressure and extreme temperatures, such as the monkfish. This place is the most unexplored on our planet.
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