Our home is planet Earth. Summary of a comprehensive lesson on familiarization with the outside world in the preparatory group. Extracurricular activity “Our home is planet Earth”

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Specialized boarding school "Daryn" Kentau

Class hour on the topic:

“Our Home is Earth”

Prepared and conducted by Bertaeva G.M.

Subject:"Our Home is Earth."

Smart goal: Draw students' attention to the fragility of the Earth's ecosystem and encourage them to be more attentive to it. To cultivate a sense of love and respect for one’s small Motherland, to develop a sense of citizenship and patriotism.

Form: open extracurricular activity.

Decor: presentations, computer, projector.

Preparatory work: Preparation of material, individual assignments for students.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment. Check students' readiness for the lesson.

2. Presentation of the topic, methodology used

Screening of the presentation “Our Home is the Earth!” At this time - opening remarks by the presenters.

The presentation must end. The song “Earth in the Porthole” is performed.

Screening of the presentation “My Earth, Blue Planet!” During the presentation, the presenter reads the poem “My Earth, Blue Planet!”

1. Origin of the earth. Physical properties of the earth. The structure of the earth. Formation and composition of the earth's crust.

3. Summing up the class hour: Suggestion from the class teacher

Opening speech by the class teacher. Good afternoon, dear guys and guests of our event. Try now not only to listen, but also to hear, not only to look, but also to see, let your heart feel the kindness and joy of today.

The science of ecology studies our home - the planet Earth on which you and I live, and how we should live in this house. In nature, everything is interconnected, everything depends on each other: if the Sun goes out, everything will freeze and become covered in darkness; if air and water disappear, there will be nothing to breathe and nothing to drink; If plants disappear, there will be nothing for animals and humans to eat.

Screening of the presentation “Our Home is the Earth!” At this time - an introductory speech by the presenter.

Presenter 1. Good afternoon Today we will talk about our planet Earth - these are our Waters, Lands and Air. A day of reminders of terrible environmental disasters, a day when every person can think about what he can do to solve environmental problems, overcoming indifference in himself.

Presenter 2. « Take care of these lands, these waters,

I love even a small epic.

Take care of all animals within nature,

Kill only the beasts within you!”

E. Yevtushenko.

Presenter 1. Planet Earth, the only star in the solar system with a favorable environment for life. April 22 is International Earth Day. This memorable day originated in 1970, exactly 40 years ago.

It was on April 22 in the United States that a famous politician and activist, Senator Gaylord Nelson from the state of Wisconsin, organized an unprecedented action, creating a group of students led by Dennis Hayes (Harvard student), who called on the world to protect the environment and preserve a favorable climate. Since this was a time of active student movements, the initiative attracted a lot of attention.

Presenter 2.“Now the happiness of the entire planet depends on each of us.

When we love, we save everyone and illuminate the sky with light.

We all need to try very hard, we will throw the bad things away.

May kindness, like the May wind, accompany you, my friend.

We will become family to each other and we no longer have enemies.

You and I are filled with a free, bright, kind spirit!

We are all brothers and we are all sisters, the grudges will go away from you,

And you’ll immediately forget the quarrels - quickly let love into you!”

Presenter 1. Earth Day is originally celebrated in many countries on the vernal equinox to mark the moment when spring (in the Northern Hemisphere) or autumn (in the Southern Hemisphere) begins. The UN usually celebrates Earth Day on March 20-21.

Presenter 2. On February 26, 1971, U Thant, the UN Secretary-General, signed a special proclamation dedicated to this event. Every year on March 20-21, the peace bell rings at the UN headquarters in New York.

The presentation must end.

The song “Earth in the Porthole” is performed (performed by Yu. Antonov, recorded).

Presenter 2: Take care of nature, she is your dear Mother,

There is no need to litter It with unnecessary things.

There is no need to build buildings that look like monsters,

There is no happiness, no joy in them, which means there is no good.

Love the Earth - Mother with selfless love!

She endured horrors, but she couldn't stand it anymore.

And stop delving into its eternal depths!

She is tired of suffering, give her some rest.

Let's plant Mother Earth with flowering gardens,

So that spring flowers fill everyone with happiness!

People will see different fruits of their creations,

And our Mother will become a planet of inspiration!

Presenter 1: What is it like, our Earth? It is estimated that planet Earth is approximately 4 and a half billion years old. If you want to go around the Earth, walking along the equator, you will have to travel a distance of almost 40,010 kilometers.

Presenter 2: The distance from the surface to the center is 6378 kilometers. Moreover, truly solid rocks (lithosphere) form a layer of only about 70 kilometers, and, moving further into the club, we observe semi-liquid and liquid states.

Presenter 1: Death Valley in California and a place in Libya called Al Azizia hold the records for the hottest places on Earth. The Al Azizia record is 57.8 degrees Celsius (September 13, 1922), the Death Valley record is 55.8 degrees Celsius (July 10, 1913).

Presenter 2: And Antarctica is recognized as the coldest place on Earth - on July 21, 1983, at the Vostok research station in Antarctica, -89 degrees Celsius was recorded.

Presenter 1: Our Earth is incredibly rich in minerals - scientists have already classified about 4000 types of minerals, about 200 of them are of practical importance. 50-100 types of minerals are discovered annually

Presenter 2: The Earth has one natural satellite - the Moon visible to the naked eye.

Screening of the presentation “My Earth, Blue Planet!” During the presentation, the presenter reads a poem of the same name.

Presenter 2:

You give life or you bring death,

And humanity lives without understanding,

What does all this give birth to in your firmament?

We are only now starting to take care of you.

Keep an account of losses in the Red Book,

And, as always, we forget

Remove the frozen ice from your hearts.

To all of us with icy hearts

One cannot understand one’s native Earth forever:

So who is she that carries us for centuries,

Where can we find the answer to this?

She may be a living creature

Rushing into space?

And the heart beats in the depths of the earth,

Knowing both joy and sadness?

Or a ship sailing through the universe,

Which God once launched?

A spaceship with an excellent crew:

All living things that he could create.

What does the future hold for each of us?

The Earth still provides food and fuel.

What kind of life reserve do we have?

Does the ship's crew know?

My earth, blue planet!

We are only beginning to appreciate you.

Will you forgive humanity, I don’t know

Can you help me melt the ice of my heart?...

Origin of the earth

Earth is one of the nine planets in the solar system that is part of the Milky Way, or Galaxy. For the first time, hypotheses about the origin of the Earth were expressed by the German philosopher I. Kant (1724-1804) and the French mathematician P. Laplace (1749 - 1827). According to their hypothesis, the entire solar system was formed from a huge hot, continuously rotating gas nebula. Gradually cooling, the nebula became denser, its rotation accelerated, and finally the moment came when, under the influence of increasing centrifugal force, a number of gas rings separated from the nebula.

Physical properties of the earth

The shape of the Earth is a flattened sphere at poles. The length of the equatorial axis of this ball is 12,756 km, the vertical axis is 12,714 km, the circumference of the Earth along the equator is 40 thousand km. The presence on the surface of the Earth of large irregularities in the form of high mountains and deep ocean basins gave the basis to our scientists, the Earth geoid, by which is meant the true shape of the Earth. Its main physical properties are density, pressure and thermal state.

Presenter 2:

Man destroys his Earth

According to plan and without plan, methodically, accurately

And punishes his short life

Living my life in absentia in the desires of fools

Without thinking about children, grandchildren

And your rebirths too

Lies down with bones, straining all over

Preparing a bed for myself in the cemetery

Stop, think again, wake up

The Lord tells him, at sunrise

Drink some spring water in the morning

Bottomless knowledge is deep at my well

I created everything for you

The wise Lord tells us

For every minute of life

Bow to him your soul tells you

Be a blade of grass and be an ocean

Grow into all living things and be reborn

After all, your goal is beautiful, man

Go to her because this is Life

Presenter 1: And we want to end with the poem “The Earth is the pearl of the Universe.”

Presenter 2: There are many forests and rivers, there are many of them on Earth,

They will give you love and happiness.

They will purify the air and quench thirst,

And on a hot summer afternoon they will protect you from the heat.

Take care of the forests and don’t cut them down in vain.

And know that the whole Earth is your own mother.

Such harmony cannot be found anywhere more beautiful.

There is only one in the Universe - and there is no other like it!

Reflection Closing remarks from the class teacher.

Now each student will make decisions on the problem of planet Earth.

What should be done:

Prescribe a patient on planet Earth a remedy that will help solve this problem, in other words, what can I personally do? ( Appendix 2)

Compose a motto that everyone will hear and it will make them remember that a lot depends on us. ( Appendix 3)

Thus, I believe that the world around us and our body are a single whole, and all emissions and pollution entering the atmosphere are detrimental to our health.

If we try to do as much positive as possible for the environment, we will prolong our lives and improve our body’s health.

And one cannot but agree with the words that everything in this world is interconnected, nothing disappears and nothing appears from nowhere.

Our world around us– this is our body; by protecting the environment, we protect our health.

Health– this is not only the absence of disease, but also the physical, mental and social well-being of a person.

• Form an idea of ​​our home - planet Earth;
• To develop children's cognitive interest in nature
• Clarify, expand and deepen children’s knowledge about nature;
• Foster an emotionally positive, caring attitude towards the Earth and its inhabitants.
• To foster patriotism, love and respect for the nature of the native land.

• To cultivate a caring attitude and love for the nature of the native land.
• To consolidate in children knowledge about the culture of behavior in nature and the ability to correctly evaluate the actions of others.
• To clarify children’s understanding of the flora and fauna, to develop children’s logical thinking through solutions to problem situations, riddles and questions. Encourage an independent, informed position.
• Continue to teach children to work together, to give them the opportunity to feel the joy of finding the best solutions.

Equipment: Earth emblem made of whatman paper, certificates, tokens in the form of a planet, team details.

Q: Good afternoon, dear friends!

On this beautiful spring day, people of all countries celebrate International Earth Day.

We are all residents of one big house called Planet Earth.

R: On this day we promise to take care of this big house, take care of it, love it and do as many good deeds as possible to make our planet earth more beautiful.

R: Our home is our home, our common home,

The land where you and I live!

Just look around

You can't get through the dense forest!

And somewhere it’s hot in winter

We can’t count all the miracles

They have one name

Fox and mountains and seas

Everything is called earth.

Q: Guys, I decided to build today’s holiday in the form of a “Nature Experts” quiz. You need to show knowledge about the life of plants, animals, birds, insects.

2 teams “Ecologists” and “Yunnaty” will take part in the quiz.

The quiz will be evaluated by a jury (I represent the jury).

So, let's start our quiz with a greeting to the teams (name, motto)

And now the teams greet our esteemed jury.

1. Name what medicinal plants you know? (clover, burdock, coltsfoot, aloe, rosehip, nettle).
2. What mushrooms are named after the trees under which they grow (boletus, boletus)
3. How do coniferous trees differ from deciduous trees? (coniferous trees have needles instead of leaves, they are not afraid of frost)
4. What tree remains green both in summer and winter? (fur tree, pine tree)
5. What benefits do trees provide? (tree leaves collect dust and fumes, enrich the air with pure oxygen)
6. Why can't fly agarics be destroyed? (Red fly agaric serves as a medicine for moose)

1. What animals are forest nurses? (wolves)
2. Why is the hare white in some fairy tales and gray in others? (White is in winter, and gray in spring and summer)
3. I walk around in a fluffy fur coat,

I'm walking in a dense forest,

In a hollow on an old oak tree

I gnaw nuts (Squirrel)

Look what it's like

Everything burns like gold

Walks around in a fur coat dear

The tail is fluffy and large (Fox)

Name your pets? (Horse, cow, cat, sheep, goat, dog)

Name the wild animals (Wolf, wild boar, bear, fox, hare, squirrel)

1. Why does a bird need a tail? (the bird controls its flight using its tail)
2. What birds predict the weather? (Swallows, swifts, I fly low before a thunderstorm)
3. Name the birds of prey (Eagle, falcon, hawk, owl)
4. Name the poultry (geese, chickens, ducks, rooster, turkey)
5. Name the migratory birds (Crane, swallow, rook, starling, cuckoo, nightingale)
6. Name the wintering birds (Pigeons, sparrows, tits, crows)

"Bird, fish, beast"

Let's all stand in a circle together and choose a driver.

The driver, turning around himself with his hand extended forward, says the following words: “Fish, bird, beast.” At the signal “Stop” he stops and to whom the hand points he must name the fish, bird and animal. (carried out several times, changing the driver).

1. What benefits do ants bring? (they clear the forest of debris, comb out the birds and spray them with a useful mixture of smelling acid)
2. What do ants build houses from? (From pine needles, leaves, pieces of bark, twigs)
3. Tell us how a butterfly appears? (A caterpillar emerges from a larva, a caterpillar becomes a pupa, a butterfly emerges from a pupa)
4. What benefits does a worm bring? (Loosens the soil so that plant roots receive more moisture and air)
5. Where do insects go in winter? (they hide under the bark of trees, under dry leaves, hide in the cracks of houses, crawl underground and hibernate)
6. Fly Tsokotukha: Here is one of my guests:

Black, but not a foe, horned, but not a bull,

Six legs without hooves, flies and howls.

He sits on the ground and digs.

Named after one of the spring months (Chafer bug)

1. There is still snow on the fields, winter is still stubborn, sending snow, blizzards, and cold to the ground. But the day is already getting longer, drops are ringing, streams are running, the snow has settled from the heat, turned black and began to melt. Icicles are crying on the roofs, but the buds have not yet swelled. When does this happen? (At the beginning of Spring)
2. Why do people say: Spring and autumn - there are eight years a day? (In spring the weather is very changeable, in the morning it’s cold, like in winter, during the day the sun warms everything, it melts, and maybe there’s a sprinkle of snow and the sun comes out again, all in one day)
3. Which snow melts faster, dirty or clean? (dirty because the sun gets hotter in the dark)
4. Name the signs of the seasons: Autumn (leaf fall), Winter (snowfall), spring (thawed patches, streams running), Summer (the sun is shining, everything is green)

1. Guys! The birch tree is crying, not good people made it in the spring and drank birch sap, and the roots pull this life-giving sap from the ground until all its branches and buds are drunk with it, the leaves do not unfurl. You need to help the tree, how to stop the sap? (Coat the wounds with resin, damp sand, clay, bandage, tie them up)
2. The guys found a bird's nest with eggs in the forest: That's great! Let's take these eggs home with us, the chicks will hatch from them and live in our house, we will take care of the chicks - the guys decided and took the nest with them. Did they do the right thing? (no, the chicks will die, they need maternal warmth)
3. Olya was in the forest with her parents and she really liked the spring lilies of the valley, they were so beautiful with white heads on a thin stem. They were apparently invisible, a whole clearing. Olya collected a large, beautiful bouquet of lilies of the valley. Tell me, is it possible to pick large bouquets? (It is impossible, since we are destroying nature; flowers contain nectar for butterflies and bees. Moreover, you cannot pick lilies of the valley, they are listed in the Red Book as a medicinal plant).
4. Boris and Lesha decided to watch how ants lay eggs in an anthill. They took a large stick and began to rake the anthill. The ants began to fuss, trying to save the testicles and move them to a safe place. What do you think mom told these boys? (That you should not destroy an anthill, since building a new one will take a lot of time, the testicles may die)
5. The guys caught a hedgehog in the forest, he was so funny and curious, and when he got scared, he curled up into balls, exposing his spines. They decided to bring the hedgehog home: let him live with us, and then release him back into the forest. Would you take a hedgehog home? Is it possible to do this? (You cannot take wild animals home from the forest, as they will forget how to take care of themselves, get food, and when they get back into the forest, they may even die)
6. The guys, while out for a walk, collected earthworms into a jar, closed the lid, set it down and forgot about them. What happened to the worm? And what would you do? (Without air and moisture, the worms will die, they must be released, they are very useful - they loosen the soil so that moisture and air can pass through the roots of plants)

Geography teacher: Our planet is very polluted, but we have not yet realized the danger of living in a huge landfill. We live on it for now, but will our children be able to live on it?

(Music plays, then the presenters talk about the pollution of the Earth’s air, water, soil, forests.)

Student 1: Air.Over the course of a year, 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide alone are emitted into the atmosphere. As a result, the ozone layer becomes thinner and ozone holes appear. A permanent ozone hole is over the Antarctic, at times expanding and shrinking over the Arctic, Europe, Moscow. Ultraviolet rays rush into these holes, causing cancer in people. Oxygen on Earth is becoming less and less. And there are more and more exhaust gases from ferrous and chemical industry factories, boiler houses, and transport.

Student 2: Water.Scientists have calculated that every year so many harmful substances enter water bodies around the world that they could fill 10 thousand freight trains. Even in the waters of the Arctic, washing powder was found.

As a result of human activity, it is impossible to swim in the rivers of Europe - the Seine, Danube, Rhine, Volga. In Siberian rivers, due to sunken forests and polluted runoff, microorganisms have appeared that are very harmful to people and animals.

Student 3: The soil.Soil forms slowly: it takes hundreds and even thousands of years. But it can be destroyed very quickly. Over the past hundred years, approximately 1/4 of all fertile soils on Earth have been destroyed. People developed virgin and fallow lands. For the first five years they had good harvests. And then the hot winds began to lift billions of tons of fertile layer and carry it to the foot of the mountains. As a result, the soil became impoverished and harvests became significantly worse. No one will argue that oil is necessary for humanity. And no one will argue that they deliberately throw it into the sea, that they deliberately cause accidents in oil fields or set fire to ships carrying oil: as a result, millions of tons of oil end up in the water for one reason or another.

Student 4:Forests. The planet is becoming increasingly bald. Over the past 20 years, people have cut down as much forest as was destroyed during its entire previous existence, not to mention the fires that occur due to human fault. For many animals, the forest is their home. And there are fewer and fewer forests on Earth. This means the animals are losing their home. This means they are doomed to death.

Summing up the results of the competition of wall newspapers, drawings, leaflets. (Presentation of certificates to winners)

Left alone in the forest, in the steppe, on the river, in the field, in the swamp, a person is left alone with his conscience. She is the only controller for a person. And perhaps one of the most important tasks that faces those who want to save nature on the planet is to awaken in people a conscience, an understanding of what can be done and what cannot be done.

Everything is closely connected around

Part 2 – gaming.

Geography teacher: In fairy tales, it used to be that an old stone told the heroes: “If you go to the right, you will lose your horse, if you go to the left, you yourself will die, but if you go straight, success awaits you along the entire path.” Knowledge will help you find the right path.

Two teams “Meridian” and “Parallel” are invited to the brain ring. (Each team has one representative from grades 5-11.)

1 presenter:

The competition is attended by a jury consisting of.......

2 presenter: game conditions:

1. Five rounds, between which there will be literary pauses.

2. Each task is worth five points.

If fans help, the team also gets points.

Team Greetings (Explaining your team names)

1st round:

Questions for the Meridian team

Which sea is the warmest on the globe?

Which parts of the world does it wash on?

Questions for the Parallel team

In which sea do residents of three parts of the world fish? Name these parts of the world.

Which ocean basin does it belong to?

Questions for the Meridian team

Which river is the longest? Where does it flow?

Questions for the Parallel team

Which river is the deepest? Where does it flow?

Questions for the Meridian team

Is it possible to hide the highest mountain peak on Earth in the deepest depression? Why? What is this peak and trough?

Questions for the Parallel team

What landforms predominate in Europe?

Questions for the Meridian team

What geographical area is Little Red Riding Hood's song about?

Questions for the Parallel team

What line is told in the song from the movie “Prisoner of the Caucasus”?

Summing up the results of the first round - literary pause (reading a poem by F. Tyutchev)

Second round. Do you know geographical instruments?

Teams are provided with a device. It is necessary to talk about them. (Aneroid barometer, level).

Third round:

Questions from the opposing team (two questions each).

Round Four: Riddles

Fifth round: Who will answer faster?

Where on Earth does the most rainfall occur?

What animal, brought to Australia from Europe, became its national disaster?

The ancient Greeks called it Boristhenes, the Turks called it Uzu, and the Slavs called it Slavutich. What is it called today?

Why is Lake Eyre in Australia shown as a dotted line on the map?

On what continent are the two parts of the set located? Which ones exactly?

Which goal can't you score a goal into?

Which strait did D. Artagnan have to cross to bring pendants for the Queen of France?

Which continent doesn't have a single river?

Which ocean surrounds the five continents?

Is there a point on Earth that has only one coordinate?

Summing up the brain ring.

Geography teacher: Left alone in the forest, in the steppe, on the river, in the field, in the swamp, a person is left alone with his conscience. She is the only controller for a person. And perhaps one of the most important tasks that faces those who want to save nature on the planet is to awaken in people a conscience, an understanding of what can be done and what cannot be done.

Everything is closely connected around.

We will not multiply examples.

You won’t suddenly touch a flower,

So as not to disturb the stars.

(The melody “The Lonely Shepherd” plays.)

Geography teacher: This is an environmental week at our school. The guys did a lot of useful things. The less garbage there is on the planet: in your yard, on your street, in your city, in your village, the greener the trees will become, the cleaner the air. For every good deed done in the name of nature, you will receive a green leaf. In the hall there are sheets (each class has its own) with drawn trees without leaves. So, whose tree turns out to be the greenest, he will clearly show his cohesion, friendship and unity in protecting nature.

Student: Fish, birds, animals look into people's souls.
It’s as if they are asking us: people, don’t kill in vain!
After all, a sea without fish is not a sea,
After all, the sky without birds is not sky,
A land without animals is not a land,
But we can’t live without land.

Sections: Working with preschoolers

Goals:

1. Deepen the understanding that planet Earth is a huge ball, most of which is covered with water. In addition to water, there are continents - solid land - land where people live.
2. Introduce children to the scientific version of the formation of continents on planet Earth, with the symbols of land and water on maps and globes, with the names and location of continents on the map.
3. Bring to an understanding of the uniqueness of our planet, since only on Earth there is life.
4. To foster a desire to protect our Earth.
5. Encourage children to make inferences based on available information.
6. Develop imagination, associative and creative thinking.
7. Improve dialogic and monologue forms of speech.

Materials and equipment:

A large image of parts of the world (continents), a globe, a physical map of the world, a map of the “Solar System” (for children), a poster “Solar System”, a didactic picture “All Earth”, paintings depicting the various peoples inhabiting planet Earth, an apple, a top.

Progress of the lesson

On the central wall of the hall hangs a large panel depicting the globe. On the side wall there are: an old map, a map of the earth before Cook’s discovery, a physical map of the world, a poster “Solar System”. Books about planet Earth, about Space, slides and illustrations “The Universe”, “Peoples of the World” are laid out on tables near the wall.

Children enter.

The melody of the Russian folk song “Motherland” (“I see wonderful freedom”) sounds.

Teacher. Good afternoon, my young friends! Guys, we live in a country that has an amazingly beautiful name - Russia. Our Motherland is great! It spreads freely from the snow and ice of the Far North to the southern seas, from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. This is a huge state!

You and I have made many interesting and exciting trips around our native country. What did you see around you and learn?

Children. Russia has high mountains, deep rivers, deep lakes, dense forests and endless steppes.

Children. There are small rivers, light birch groves, sunny meadows, ravines, swamps and fields.

Teacher. We are proud of our great Russia, its diverse nature, rich mineral resources, and especially the hardworking and talented people who inhabit it. But there are other countries in the world where the same people live, but they speak different languages. And we all have a common home. If you guess the riddle, you will find out its name:

No beginning, no end
No back of the head, no face.
Everyone knows, both young and old,
That our house is a huge ball.

Children. Earth.

Children. And people also say this: “She didn’t give birth to anyone, but everyone calls her mother.”

Teacher. What do you know about our planet? What is it like, Earth?

Children. Our planet is a huge, enormous ball. So big that it takes many, many days, even months, to travel around it.

Children. She's round like an apple. The Earth revolves around the Sun, like an airplane around a turret. Moreover, it itself rotates around its own axis, spinning like a top, only slowly.

Children. The Earth is a satellite of the Sun. It is much smaller than the Sun. Together with our planet, eight other planets revolve around the Sun.

Children. But only on our Earth there is life.

The teacher approaches a poster depicting the Solar System and invites the children to find our home – Earth – among these planets.

The child finds and shows.

Teacher. Who wants to show our home planet on a star map?

Children show.

Teacher. How did you know that this was Earth?

Children. Our planet is blue.

Teacher. Why is she blue?

Children. There is a lot of water on Earth.

Children. When astronauts look at our planet from space, it appears to them as a luminous ball of beautiful blue color.

Teacher. Well done boys! Why do you think there is life on Earth?

Children. On Earth there is water to drink and air to breathe.

Teacher. Right. Water and air are necessary for all living organisms.

My friends! But have people always had this knowledge? It turns out not. But how did they imagine the Earth they lived on? Very different. Their ideas seem fantastic, fabulous, implausible to us today. Let's see how they painted our world.

Demonstration of illustrations.

Children. In ancient times, people thought that the Earth was huge and flat, like a pancake or a plate, and that you could reach the edge of the Earth.

Children. Some said that it was supported by three huge whales that swam in the ocean.

Children. Others argued that the flat Earth is supported by three elephants, elephants stand on the back of a huge turtle, and the turtle swims in the ocean...

Children. There were even daredevils who dreamed of getting to this edge and seeing what was there, at the edge of the Earth, and whether it was possible to fall from it.

Children. People set off on foot, or on horseback, or by ship.

Teacher. And did they get to the ends of the Earth?

Children. No. As soon as they reached the sea or ocean, they believed that their journey was over: this was the end of the Earth. Then there is nothing else but water.

Teacher. Children, but there were also people who, having reached the seashore, boarded a ship and continued their journey. These sailors finally became convinced that when they set off from some place and always move in the same direction, for some reason they return to where they started their journey. “Why is this happening?” - people thought. Yes, because, suddenly someone realized that the Earth is not flat as a pancake. No, it's round like a ball.

Teacher. The time of great sea voyages played a big role in understanding our world. The first trip around the world was made by the sailor-traveler Magellan on five ships. For three years his ships sailed forward and forward, without changing direction and checking their path by the stars. Four ships were lost in the rough ocean waters. And only one ship called “Victoria” circled the Earth and returned to the port on the other, opposite side. So people realized how big our Earth is, and proved that the Earth is a ball and can be driven around it.

Showing illustrations of sailing ships.

Teacher. Why did people in ancient times have the wrong idea about the structure of our world?

Children. In ancient times, people could not move long distances on earth. After all, there were no roads, no ships, no trains, no planes. Therefore, no one was able to reach the “ends of the earth” to check the stories about whales, elephants, and turtles.

Physical education minute. Music is playing.

The teacher reads the riddle, the children perform the following movements:

Someone in the morning, slowly, (Walk in place.)
Inflates a yellow balloon (Children blow and spread their hands.)
And how do you let go of it - (Raise your hands up, clap.)
It will suddenly become light all around. (Turns to the sides.)
What kind of ball is this?

Children (in unison). Sun.

Teacher. Friends, what then surrounds the Earth? And it is surrounded by a huge space, which is called outer space, or outer space. This space is not empty, it is filled with various cosmic bodies - stars, planets, comets and meteorites.

Above the Earth there is a huge ocean of air - the atmosphere, and every day, every hour, every minute, without noticing it, we “swim” in it. And passers-by on the street, and cats, and dogs, and pigeons, and even trams and trolleybuses “swim” in this ocean. It is very important for our life. You and I breathe air, animals, birds and plants breathe - all living things on earth cannot do without it. And if this ocean disappeared, then our Earth would become a lifeless planet in just a few minutes. The air shell of the Earth is its amazing blue “shirt”. In such a “shirt” our planet does not overheat from the sun’s heat, nor does it get cold from the cosmic cold, like, for example, the Moon and the planet Mercury. The air shell is a battle chain mail that protects the Earth from space “projectiles” - meteorites. Another important job of the air ocean is to monitor the climate on our planet, transport cold air to the south and warm air to the north. And only thanks to the air shell - the atmosphere on Earth, the only planet in the entire solar system, life exists.

Children, how did people used to imagine what the sky was?

Children. When people thought the Earth was flat, they thought that during the day it was covered with a blue cap - the sky along which the Sun moves. And at night some huge giant covers it with a black cap. Only this cap is full of holes; there are many small holes in it through which light enters the Earth.

Teacher. These holes are the stars. Only later did people realize that stars are something completely different. How many of you know what stars are?

Children's answers.

Teacher. That's right, stars are huge balls of fire. Why do they seem so small to us?

Children. They are very far from us.

Teacher. Which star is closest to us?

Children. This is our star - the Sun.

Children. It gives our planet light and warmth, without it there would be no life on Earth.

“Cosmic” music sounds.

Children and their teacher stand in a circle. In the middle of the circle is a large image of the All-Earth (made from pieces fastened on the inside).

Teacher. Many millions of years ago the Earth was a huge continent. As a result of natural disasters, this continent began to collapse, large and small pieces began to separate from it.

The teacher removes the fastenings from the All-Earth model. Children end up with large and small pieces of “sushi” on their hands. Upon careful examination, children will recognize in them the outlines of modern continents and islands.

Children are invited, looking at a physical map of the world, to independently lay out continents and islands on blue matter that represents the ocean.

Children look at the continents and name them.

Children. Africa, America, Australia, Europe, Asia, Antarctica.

The teacher shows them on the globe.

Teacher. What is a globe?

Children. A globe is a tiny model of the globe. It depicts what is on the real Earth: oceans and land.

Teacher. You see that the globe rotates around its axis. (Rotates the globe.) The Earth rotates in the same way. The Earth exposes the Sun to one side or the other. So they say: “Day and night - a day away!”

The continents are inhabited by animals, various plants grow on them, and different peoples live on them. The teacher shows illustrations, books, posters. Offers to listen to V. Orlov’s poem “Common House”.

Child.

Under one blue
We live under a common roof.
House under a blue roof
Both spacious and big.
The house is spinning near the sun,
To keep us warm
So that every window
It could illuminate.
So that we can live in the world,
Without being scared, without threatening,
Like good neighbors
Or good friends.

Teacher. The earth is not only land, but also oceans and seas. Guys, what is more on the globe – water or land?

Children's answers.

Teacher. Children, imagine that the Earth is an apple.

The teacher peels the apple, leaving approximately one-fifth of the peel.

Teacher. This will be the land, and everything else will be rivers, lakes, seas, oceans. Thus, you see that land occupies a small part of the Earth. Maybe you know the names of some seas and oceans?

Children's answers.

The teacher shows the seas and oceans on the globe, then shows slides “Planet Earth”.

Teacher. Our planet Earth is beautiful and amazing. As long as a person lives, he always, throughout his life, admires its beauties and comprehends its secrets and mysteries.

The earth is our common home for everyone who lives on it. Everyone needs it, and everyone who lives on it also needs the Earth. We have a common roof over our heads - the blue sky. Under our feet there is a common floor - the earth's surface, we have one lamp and stove for all - the Sun. We have a common water supply and a wind-driven fan.

The music of Yu. Chichkov “Scherzo” is playing.

Children put on hats of insects, birds, and animals. A musical composition is performed, children dance and pretend to be animals. The composition ends with the children forming freely.

Children read poetry.

First child.

Our planet Earth is very generous and rich:
Mountains, forests and fields are our dear home, guys!

Second child.

Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her.

Third child.

We will take care of birds, insects, animals.
This will only make us kinder.
Let's decorate the whole earth with gardens, flowers...

All children.

We need such a planet!

Music by Erio Mariconi “Raindrops”.

Teacher.

Our native home, our common home -
The land where you and I live!
Just look around:
There is a river here, a green meadow there.
You can't get through the dense forest,
You won't find water in the desert!
And somewhere there is a mountain of snow,
And somewhere it’s hot in winter...
They have one name:
Forests, and mountains, and seas -
Everything is called Earth!

Literature

1. Levitan E.P. Kids about stars and planets. – Petrozavodsk: Krugozor, 1995.
2. Levin B., Radlova L. Astronomy in pictures. – M.: Children's literature, 1967.
3. Grizik T. Exploring the world. – M.: Publishing House “Education of Preschool Children”, 2004.
4. Skorolupova O.A. Conquest of space. – M.: Publishing House Scriptorium 2000 LLC, 2003.
5. Klushantsev P.V. What did the telescope tell you? – L.: Children's literature, 1980.

Characteristics of the planet:

• Distance from the Sun: 149.6 million km
• Planet diameter: 12,765 km
• Day on the planet: 23h 56min 4s*
• Year on the planet: 365 days 6h 9min 10s*
• t° on the surface: global average +12°C (In Antarctica up to -85°C; in the Sahara Desert up to +70°C)
• Atmosphere: 77% Nitrogen; 21% oxygen; 1% water vapor and other gases
• Satellites: Moon

* period of rotation around its own axis (in Earth days)
**period of orbit around the Sun (in Earth days)

From the very beginning of the development of civilization, people were interested in the origin of the Sun, planets and stars. But the planet that is our common home, the Earth, is of most interest. Ideas about it have changed along with the development of science; the very concept of stars and planets, as we understand it now, was formed only a few centuries ago, which is negligible compared to the very age of the Earth.

Presentation: Planet Earth

The third planet from the Sun, which has become our home, has a satellite - the Moon, and is part of the group of terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus and Mars. The giant planets differ significantly from them in physical properties and structure. But even such a tiny planet in comparison with them, like the Earth, has an incredible mass in terms of comprehension - 5.97x1024 kilograms. It revolves around the star in an orbit at an average distance from the Sun of 149.0 million kilometers, rotating around its axis, which causes the change of days and nights. And the ecliptic of the orbit itself characterizes the seasons.

Our planet plays a unique role in the solar system, because Earth is the only planet that has life! The Earth was positioned in an extremely fortunate manner. It travels in orbit at a distance of almost 150,000,000 kilometers from the Sun, which means only one thing - It’s warm enough on Earth for water to remain in liquid form. Given hot temperatures, the water would simply evaporate, and in the cold it would turn into ice. Only on Earth is there an atmosphere in which humans and all living organisms can breathe.

The history of the origin of planet Earth

Starting from the Big Bang Theory and based on the study of radioactive elements and their isotopes, scientists have found out the approximate age of the earth's crust - it is about four and a half billion years, and the age of the Sun is about five billion years. Just like the entire galaxy, the Sun was formed as a result of the gravitational compression of a cloud of interstellar dust, and after the star, the planets included in the Solar System were formed.

As for the formation of the Earth itself as a planet, its very birth and formation lasted hundreds of millions of years and took place in several phases. During the birth phase, obeying the laws of gravity, a large number of planetesimals and large cosmic bodies fell onto its ever-growing surface, which later made up almost the entire modern mass of the earth. Under the influence of such bombardment, the planet's substance warmed up and then melted. Under the influence of gravity, heavy elements such as ferrum and nickel created the core, and lighter compounds formed the earth's mantle, crust with continents and oceans lying on its surface, and an atmosphere that was initially very different from the present one.

Internal structure of the Earth

Of the planets of its group, the Earth has the greatest mass and therefore has the greatest internal energy - gravitational and radiogenic, under the influence of which processes in the earth's crust still continue, as can be seen from volcanic and tectonic activity. Although igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks have already formed, forming the outlines of landscapes that are gradually changing under the influence of erosion.

Beneath the atmosphere of our planet is a solid surface called the earth's crust. It is divided into huge pieces (slabs) of solid rock, which can move and, when moving, touch and push each other. As a result of such movement, mountains and other features of the earth's surface appear.

The earth's crust has a thickness of 10 to 50 kilometers. The crust “floats” on the liquid earth’s mantle, the mass of which is 67% of the mass of the entire Earth and extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers!

The mantle is followed by an outer liquid core, which extends into the depths for another 2260 kilometers. This layer is also mobile and capable of emitting electric currents, which create the planet’s magnetic field!

At the very center of the Earth is the inner core. It is very hard and contains a lot of iron.

Atmosphere and surface of the Earth

The Earth is the only one of all the planets in the solar system that has oceans - they cover more than seventy percent of its surface. Initially, water in the atmosphere in the form of steam played a big role in the formation of the planet - the greenhouse effect raised the temperature on the surface by those tens of degrees necessary for the existence of water in the liquid phase, and in combination with solar radiation gave rise to the photosynthesis of living matter - organic matter.

From space, the atmosphere appears as a blue border around the planet. This thinnest dome consists of 77% nitrogen, 20% oxygen. The rest is a mixture of various gases. Earth's atmosphere contains much more oxygen than any other planet. Oxygen is vital for animals and plants.

This unique phenomenon can be regarded as a miracle or considered an incredible coincidence of chance. It was the ocean that gave rise to the origin of life on the planet, and, as a consequence, the emergence of homo sapiens. Surprisingly, the oceans still hold many secrets. Developing, humanity continues to explore space. Entering low-Earth orbit has made it possible to gain a new understanding of many of the geoclimatic processes occurring on Earth, the mysteries of which are still to be further studied by more than one generation of people.

Earth's satellite - Moon

Planet Earth has its only satellite - the Moon. The first to describe the properties and characteristics of the Moon was the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, he described the mountains, craters and plains on the surface of the Moon, and in 1651 the astronomer Giovanni Riccioli wrote a map of the visible side of the lunar surface. In the 20th century, on February 3, 1966, the Luna-9 lander landed on the Moon for the first time, and a few years later, on July 21, 1969, a person set foot on the surface of the Moon for the first time.

The Moon always faces planet Earth with only one side. On this visible side of the Moon, flat “seas”, chains of mountains and multiple craters of various sizes are visible. The other side, invisible from Earth, has a large cluster of mountains and even more craters on the surface, and the light reflecting from the Moon, thanks to which at night we can see it in a pale lunar color, is weakly reflected rays from the Sun.

Planet Earth and its satellite the Moon are very different in many properties, while the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes of planet Earth and its satellite the Moon is the same. Radiometric studies have shown that the age of both celestial bodies is the same, approximately 4.5 billion years. These data suggest the origin of the Moon and the Earth from the same substance, which gives rise to several interesting hypotheses about the origin of the Moon: from the origin of the same protoplanetary cloud, the capture of the Moon by the Earth, and the formation of the Moon from a collision of the Earth with a large object.