Who is the author of the fable, the donkey and the nightingale. Ivan Krylov. Fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale". Fable The Donkey and the Nightingale - analysis

The donkey evaluates the Nightingale's song in Krylov's fable. A funny, beautiful and very subtle story.

Fable The Donkey and the Nightingale read

The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer;
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. The donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew far away.
God save us from such judges.

Moral of the fable: The Donkey and the Nightingale

Fable The Donkey and the Nightingale - analysis

In Krylov's fable, The Donkey and the Nightingale, each of the heroes is a symbol of qualities that are worth thinking about. So, Nightingale. The bird, with its beautiful singing, personifies a person - a master of his craft, with a gift from Nature itself. Everyone who hears it listens to the bird’s song, and everyone highly appreciates the Nightingale’s talent, which he is rightfully proud of. Krylov uses such expressive intonations and words addressed to the Nightingale, which it seems that none of the Russian writers has surpassed. Charming, detailed descriptions of the environment, the reactions of people and animals to the song of the bird, also prove that Krylov is not just a fabulist, he is a great poet. The nightingale is described in such a way that there is nothing more that would be worth adding.

The donkey, on the contrary, does not understand singing at all, but considers it possible to evaluate the Nightingale. Lacking hearing and understanding of beauty, I thought that even a rooster could sing better. Krylov here conveys the absurdity of the current situation and sums up the moral in the last line of the fable: undertaking to judge something that you don’t even have an idea about is stupid. The Donkey, comparing the Nightingale with the Rooster, juxtaposes two perfect opposites, showing us the absence of any taste.

I. S. Turgenev wrote: “From childhood, Krylov was a typical Russian person all his life: his way of thinking, views, feelings and all his writings were truly Russian, and it can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov’s fables will have a clearer idea of ​​the Russian national character than if he reads many works treating this subject.”

In this lesson you will learn about another vice of Russian society, exposed by the great fabulist.

The fable that will be discussed was written more than a hundred years ago, but has not lost its relevance to this day.

Rice. 1. O. A. Kiprensky. “Portrait of I.A. Krylova", 1816 ()

The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov (Fig. 1): “Some nobleman (according to some - Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A. N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of the imp. Maria Fedorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps sincerely wishing to make his acquaintance, invited him to her place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The nobleman listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: “That’s good, but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I can’t,” the poet answered modestly. That was the end of the conversation. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured out his bile in the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.” Kenevich V.F. From “Bibliographical and Historical Notes to Krylov’s Fables”

After the publication of Krylov’s fable, they began to call him “The Nightingale.” This nickname entered the literature.

Let's turn to the text of the fable.

Donkey and Nightingale (Fig. 2)

Rice. 2. Still from an animated film based on the fables of I.A. Krylov “In the world of fables” ()

The donkey saw the nightingale

And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!

You, they say, are a great master of singing.

I would really like

Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,

How great is your skill?

Here Nightingale began to show his art:

Clicked and whistled

On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;

Then gently he weakened

And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,

Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.

Everyone was paying attention then

To Aurora's favorite and singer:

The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,

And the herds lay down.

Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him

And only sometimes

Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess

The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;

“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,

I can listen to you without getting bored;

It's a pity that I don't know

You are with our rooster;

If only you had become more alert,

If only I could learn a little from him.”

Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale

He took off and flew to distant fields.

God, save us from such judges.

Vladislav Feofilovich Kenevich, a contemporary and the first systematic researcher of Krylov’s literary activity, wrote in “Bibliographical and Historical Notes on Krylov’s Fables”: “It is known that Krylov was incomparably stricter with himself than his readers: he rewrote the same fable many times , rewrote it every time and was satisfied only when there was not a single word left in it, which, as he put it, “had become boring to him.” That is why we can claim that every word in I.A.’s fable. Krylova carries a certain semantic load.

So, there are two key images in the fable: the Donkey and the Nightingale.

What words and expressions does the fabulist use to create the image of the Donkey? Let's turn to the dictionary.

"Buddy"- a familiar address to a friend (note that the Nightingale was not a friend of the Donkey, which gives his address even more familiarity and negligence, which allows us to draw a conclusion about the Donkey’s bad manners).

Next is the word "workshop" seems to convey admiration. A craftsman is a master, a virtuoso in his field, and even to the superlative degree. But the consonance with the word “buddy”, and even the obvious tautology “great master” again negatively characterizes the Donkey, indicating his ignorance.

TAUTOLOGY(from the Greek tauto - “the same” and logos - “word, concept”) - repetition of the same thing in different words. As a stylistic device, it refers to the type of pleonasm (excess).

"Considerably",- says the Donkey, after listening to the Nightingale’s singing. “Fairly” means “considerably, excellently.” However, in explanatory dictionaries this word is always accompanied by the mark “colloquial,” which means “colloquial.” The same can be said about words "staring" And "perked up."

Participial turnover "staring at the ground with his forehead" reminds us of donkey stubbornness. And immediately after this is the advice to “learn a little” how to sing from the rooster, which, judging by the pronoun “our”, is a close friend of the Donkey. Now let us remember the famous proverb: “Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.” The limited rooster is a friend of the equally ignorant Donkey.

The image of the Donkey makes the reader laugh. This image is called COMIC.

By what artistic means does Krylov convey the beauty and charm of the Nightingale’s singing?

The Nightingale's singing resembles a whole concert. To do this, Krylov uses a number of homogeneous members: verbs “clicked”, “whistled”, “gave”, “crumbled”. And also a comparison with a pipe, a metaphor “scattered into small fractions”, epithet "languid" pipe.

The Nightingale's singing has a wonderful effect on everyone who hears it. He charmed everyone with his singing. He brought calm to both nature and people’s lives: “the winds died down,” “the birds fell silent,” “the herds of animals lay down,” “the shepherd admired the singing.”

Everyone was paying attention then

To Aurora's favorite and singer...

AURORA- goddess of the dawn (ancient Roman mythology).

Let us pay attention to one detail: the Nightingale does not speak at all, he only sings, by this the author shows that the ignorant (colloquial and colloquial) is alien to this hero, unlike the Donkey, who constantly says something, while using mainly colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.

The author uses the technique antitheses, contrasting the Nightingale, a master of his craft, a true singer of nature, who enchants with his singing, and the Donkey, stupid, ignorant, ill-mannered, who understands nothing of real art.

ANTITHESIS- a stylistic device based on a sharp contrast of concepts and images.

The fable describes a situation that often arises in real life. Someone self-confident and ignorant undertakes to judge something about which he has no idea.

The moral of the fable lies in the words: “God deliver us from such judges.” Using the device of allegory, the fabulist conveys to his reader the idea that if real art is often judged by those who do not understand anything about it, like the Donkey, then true masters, like the Nightingale, have a hard time.

MORALITY- This is an instructive conclusion from the main narrative, which is given at the beginning or end of the fable.

ALLEGORY- allegory - depiction of an abstract concept through a concrete image.

The fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” was written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov more than a hundred years ago, but has not yet lost its relevance, because such stupid judges as the Donkey can be found in life in our time.

1. Krylov's fables [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http: ().
2. Librarian.RU. Writers of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
3. Ivan Krylov. 1769-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
4. Krylov Ivan Andreevich [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
5. Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Memoirs of Contemporaries [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
6. Russian literature of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. 1760-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().

Homework

1. Prepare for an expressive reading of I.A.’s fable. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale".
2. * Create an illustration for I.A.’s fable. Krylov “Donkey and Nightingale”, using some techniques for creating comic Images. For example grotesque (exaggeration): the huge head of the Donkey, as a sign of a “great” mind, but the exaggeratedly small figure of the Nightingale, emphasizing that his significance is not in his appearance, but in his ability to sing. Or detail. For example, Donkey has glasses, which he doesn’t need, because he can see perfectly well without them, so he doesn’t look into the glasses, but over them.
3. * Suppose that the Donkey, because of his stubbornness, nevertheless decided to introduce the Nightingale to his friend the Rooster and wrote about it in a letter. The Nightingale is well-mannered and polite, so he answers Donkey’s letter. A small correspondence ensues. Come up with this correspondence (save the peculiarities of speech of each of the characters).

Donkey and nightingale drawing

Read text online

The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer;
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. The donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew far away.
God save us from such judges.

Moral of Ivan Krylov's fable The Donkey and the Nightingale

God save us from such judges

Moral in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the fable The Donkey and the Nightingale

You cannot judge without knowing the matter. You cannot listen to judges who do not understand the issue or are simply stupid. Sometimes it is impossible to correctly assess an event or action if all the circumstances are unknown.

The donkey met the nightingale and asked him to sing. He sang and was beautiful. Everyone listened. But the donkey advised him to learn from the rooster. The nightingale flew away.

Analysis of the fable The donkey and the nightingale, the heroes of the fable

The main characters of the fable are a donkey and a nightingale. The fable begins directly with the development of events. Each of the heroes is an indicator of opposing qualities.

Nightingale- This is a beautifully singing bird. Everyone likes his singing. His voice was given to him by nature. In the form of a nightingale, Krylov shows a man, a master of his craft. The nightingale is proud of his voice, because everyone who hears his singing highly appreciates his talent. Krylov chose the words well to describe the situation around the nightingale, as well as the reactions of other animals.

U donkey on the contrary, there is neither hearing nor voice. Despite this, he believes that he has the right to evaluate the nightingale’s talent. Because he has no ear for music, he says that even a rooster could sing better. Comparing the nightingale and the rooster, this makes us even more convinced of how stupid the donkey is. By this he offends the nightingale, because everyone admires his singing. By comparing the nightingale and the rooster, the donkey thereby shows that he has no idea about the real art of singing.

In the role of the donkey, on the contrary, there is a person who has no idea about this craft. Despite the fact that the donkey does not understand anything about singing, he tells the nightingale that he sings poorly. This often happens among people. A person who doesn’t understand anything about the profession tells the master what to do and how to do it. In this fable, the donkey is portrayed as an ignoramus.

The meaning of the fable is that often people who do not understand any profession give advice to masters. They criticize and point out that they are doing something wrong. But real criticism can be given by a professional like this person. In this case, the professional is the nightingale. And only nightingales like him can give criticism.

The author ridicules the donkey's disrespect for the nightingale. He makes it clear that you can’t judge someone if you don’t understand it yourself. But here we are talking not only about them, but also about ordinary people. The same thing happens to people in everyday life.

Before you judge someone, you need to think about whether you can do it yourself. If a person has no idea about this craft, then he cannot judge it either.

To do this, you will need to prove that the judging person cannot do something like a professional. In this case, if the nightingale asked the donkey to sing as well, then naturally he would not be able to. Thus, he would be able to prove that the donkey has no right to judge his singing.

Krylov's fable: The donkey and the nightingale

The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer;
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. The donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew far away.
God save us from such judges.

Having heard that the nightingale is a great master of singing, the donkey asked him to show him his art. The nightingale burst into a wonderful trill, which people and nature listened to. The donkey restrainedly praised the nightingale and advised him, in order to “get more sharp” in singing, to learn from the yard rooster.

“God, deliver us from such judges,” is Krylov’s moral.

Donkey and nightingale

From the memoirs of P. K. Klodt’s son:

These animals lived with us like family members. And what was missing from my father’s vast workshops! They were filled with a continuous roar, howl, bleating, squeaking... All this motley society lived side by side not only in cages, many walked freely around the workshop and rooms, and were friendly with each other, except for the wolf, who could not resist Don't hunt cats.

In the spring of 1852, Klodt provided a large model of the monument for consideration by the Academy of Arts. After its approval in May 1853, the monument to Krylov was cast in bronze.