What helped Robinson Crusoe survive on the island. Essay based on the novel by D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe" How Robinson Crusoe survived in conditions of autonomy

The characterization of Robinson Crusoe tells us that the hero was a courageous and strong man. Despite all the trials, he was able to maintain his human dignity and will. We’ll talk about the famous character in this article.

Why did the author choose such a plot?

First of all, it is worth noting that Robinson had his own prototypes. In those centuries, England actively pursued colonial conquests of new lands. Many ships departed from their native harbors to foreign countries, some of them ended up in shipwrecks in the stormy waters of the World Ocean. It so happened that some of the sailors survived and found themselves in complete isolation on uninhabited islands scattered in the seas.

Thus, the cases described in the novel were not uncommon. However, the author used this plot to tell his readers a very instructive story, in which he devoted a lot of space to such a topic as the characteristics of Robinson Crusoe, his personality and life destiny. What kind of story is this? Let's try to briefly answer this question.

Protestant ethics and Defoe's novel

According to literary scholars, Defoe's novel is thoroughly permeated with motifs associated with the Protestant ethic. According to this religious teaching, a person on earth must go through many tests in order to earn entry into the Kingdom of Heaven through his labor. At the same time, he should not grumble against God. After all, what the Almighty does is useful for him. Let's look at the plot of the novel. At the beginning of the story we see a young man, very extravagant and stubborn. Against the wishes of his parents, he becomes a sailor and goes on a journey.

Moreover, God seems to warn him at first: the characterization of Robinson Crusoe begins with the author describing his first shipwreck and miraculous rescue. But the young man did not heed what fate taught him. He sets sail again. The man gets into a wreck again and is the only one of the entire team who is saved. The hero ends up in a place where he is forced to spend more than 28 years of his life.

Hero Transformation

A brief description of Robinson Crusoe will allow us to see the development of the protagonist’s personality in its dynamics. At first we see a very carefree and wayward young man. However, having found himself in a difficult life situation, he did not give up, but began to do everything in order to survive. The author meticulously describes the daily work of his hero: Robinson saves things from the ship, which help him survive, he takes animals with him, builds a home for himself. In addition, the man hunts wild goats, begins to tame them, and then makes butter and cheese from the resulting milk. Robinson observes the nature around him and begins to keep a kind of diary of the changing rainy season and seasons of relative warmth. The hero accidentally sows a few centimeters of wheat, then fights for the harvest, etc.

The characterization of Robinson Crusoe will be incomplete if we do not pay attention to one more feature. The most important thing in the novel is not just the work of the character, but his internal spiritual transformation. Far from people, the hero begins to think about why fate threw him onto a desert island. He reads the Bible, thinks about Divine providence, and resigns himself to his fate. And he doesn’t complain about being left completely alone. As a result, the hero finds peace of mind. He learns to rely on his own strength and trust in the mercy of the Almighty.

Characteristics of Robinson Crusoe: what kind of person he is before and after the shipwreck

As a result, after 28 years, the character is completely transformed. He changes internally and gains life experience. Robinson believes that everything that happened to him was fair. Now the hero himself can act as a teacher. He begins to make friends with a local Aborigine, whom he calls Friday. And he passes on to him all the knowledge that he himself possesses. And only after all this, Europeans appear in the life of the former sailor, who accidentally stumbled upon the island. They take him to his distant and beloved homeland.

The novel itself is constructed in confessional form. The author tells readers in the first person what the character has experienced over many years of loneliness and work. Robinson Crusoe experienced a lot during his life. The characterization of the hero given by us in the article fully confirms the fact that he returned home as a completely different person.

WHAT HELPED ROBINSON CRUSOE. Can a person survive being stranded on a desert island and left alone with wild nature? How to behave in such a situation? What to do? The wonderful book of the eighteenth-century English writer D. Defoe, “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” gives us the answer to these questions. Appearing in London in April 1719, it immediately won the hearts of readers.

The story about the life of a man who lived on a desert island for twenty-eight years leaves no one indifferent. Finding yourself alone, far from civilization, without any hope for the future, do not succumb to fear, do not panic - only people with a strong and decisive character are capable of this.

What helped Robinson Crusoe survive on a desert island? I think, first of all, his enormous will to live, hard work, desire to overcome circumstances at any cost. Step by step, the author talks in detail about the hero's struggle for life. From the moment Crusoe realized that he was alone and there was no one to expect help from, his struggle for survival began. Practical ingenuity and natural intelligence tell him the need to deliver things from a broken ship. Everything that could be useful in one way or another on the farm was transported by Crusoe to the island, realizing that his imprisonment here could last more than a year. Every, even the most insignificant fact - the making of a table and chair, the firing of pottery - is perceived as a new heroic step by Robinson in the struggle to create human living conditions. Day after day, tirelessly, Crusoe worked: he built a house, sowed wheat, hunted animals, and did not allow despondency to settle in his heart. He is a courageous man: from the first day he conquers fear, so natural in his position, and relies only on his mind and will. Fate was merciful to Robinson: all the tools, household equipment, food supplies he brought from. ship, allowed him to subsequently establish a household and not die of hunger. Crusoe had to master the professions of hunter, trapper, shepherd, farmer, builder, and artisan. You are amazed at the energy with which he takes on every task, performing it conscientiously and diligently. One cannot help but admire the victories of the lonely Robinson, who forced nature to serve himself and, with the help of the most primitive tools and devices, managed to create quite tolerable living conditions on a desert island.

Robinson Crusoe is a great organizer and host. He knows how to use chance and experience, knows how to calculate and foresee. Having taken up farming, he accurately calculates what kind of harvest he can get from the barley and rice seeds he has sown, when and what part of the harvest he can eat, put aside, and sow. He studies the soil and climatic conditions and finds out where he needs to sow during the rainy season and where during the dry season.

And all this against the backdrop of complete loneliness, without any hope for upcoming changes in life. Where does Robinson Crusoe get his strength from, what helps him live in such conditions? Working from morning to evening, Crusoe does not forget about his soul: he constantly turns to God in his thoughts, begins to keep a diary not in order to perpetuate his thoughts for edification

people who will find themselves in his position, but “just to express in words everything that tormented and tormented him, and thereby at least somehow ease his soul.” The meeting with Friday brought variety to Robinson’s life: there was an opportunity to take care of someone, to pass on his experience and knowledge: “Conversations with Friday filled all my free hours to such an extent and our friendship was so close that I did not notice how the last ones flew by.” three years of my probation."

Robinson Crusoe was helped by his courage, will, ingenuity, hard work and great love of life to go through all the trials, overcome circumstances, survive and at the same time preserve the person within him.

What helped Robinson Crusoe survive on the island? please help I really need it and got the best answer

Answer from Yamar Makhov[guru]




Source:

Answer from Lyudmila Kashapova[newbie]
The hero of D. Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe, left completely alone on an unknown island, did not become confused or fall into despair, and this saved his life. He managed to make good use of even the very first days after the disaster and managed to save all the essentials from the sinking ship: weapons, tools, fabric, clothes, ropes, some grain and food. Hard work, resourcefulness and optimism allowed Robinson to not only not lose his human appearance on the island for twenty-eight years, but also provide himself with everything necessary for a happy life.
There was no task that Robinson would not complete. If he decided to transport the surviving things from a shipwrecked ship, he would work until he had transported everything; if the weather had permitted, he would have transported the entire ship piece by piece. Thinking about setting up a home (dig a cave or put up a tent), he eventually did both. He did not know how much time he would have to spend on the island, he hoped that it would not be long, but he tried to ensure that his home “was protected both from the heat of the sun and from predators; so that it stands in a place where there is no dampness; so that there would be fresh water nearby” and so that the sea would certainly be visible from it, and he worked sparingly. He did not want to part with the hope of salvation, and this hope supported him in moments of despair. Having examined the territory, he became convinced that the island was uninhabited, that it was surrounded only by wild nature, unfamiliar vegetation, unknown birds and animals. There was nothing to count on for help, and in order to survive, he himself had to master many specialties. He himself was a carpenter, a joiner, a potter, and a baker. He learned to fish, hunt wild animals and make clothes from their skins, plow the land, grow rice and barley, tame and raise goats. He also learned to courageously overcome illness and failure. For example, it cost him a lot of work to try to launch a boat, but the strength of one person was not enough, and he had to abandon this idea. But Robinson managed to build a small boat, and he could now travel around his island.
After a few years of living alone on the island, all his ideas changed. He had nothing to desire because he had everything he could enjoy. He had a lot of grain, so much timber that he could build a whole fleet, and so many grapes that all these ships could be loaded with wine and raisins. But he learned to attach importance only to what he could somehow use. “Nature, experience and reflection” taught Robinson to understand that “no matter how much wealth we accumulate, we enjoy it only to the extent that we can use it, and no more.” He learned not only to submit to fate, but also to feel gratitude for what he has and simply for living. For many years, his friends were the parrot Popka, the dog and cats, which he transported from the ship. But in the twenty-fourth year of Robinson’s life, a remarkable event occurred on the island: cannibalistic savages sailed to the island, and he helped free one of the captives. From that day on, he acquired a faithful servant and comrade - Friday

Answer from Natalia Kozlova[newbie]
I think his hard work helped him, etc., etc.

Answer from Valeria Korotkova[newbie]
no, it’s a pity that the one who wrote has hands

Answer from Dmitry Katin[newbie]
Tajiks rule

Answer from IG OR[newbie]
his ingenuity helped him

Answer from Alina Khoreva[newbie]
I helped him yaya I I I I (savvy)

Answer from Alexander[newbie]
j

Answer from Vlad Yakubyonok[newbie]
work

Answer from Alexander Kovalenko[newbie]
work

Answer from Matvey Chistyakov[newbie]
r

Answer from Yonezhana Zaboburina[newbie]
It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe survive and preserve his human qualities. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, described by himself" - essay "Essay based on the novel by D. Defoe "The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe"
The English writer D. Defoe went down in the history of literature as the creator of many realistic and noble images. He was a people's writer - not only in the content, but also in the form of his works, in his lively, direct manner of narration, and in his simple, accessible language. His masterpiece “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” was translated into almost all European languages ​​and became part of the history of world culture. In the novel, using the example of the fate of an individual, the author managed to reveal all the richness and diversity of real life, to show the importance of real human values: communication, caring for one’s neighbor, constant work.
Drawing the life of his hero on a desert island, Defoe created a poetic picture of man’s struggle for survival and glorified free creative labor. It is labor and hard work of thought that help Robinson Crusoe survive and preserve his human qualities. According to the firm conviction of the writer, work is the basis for the positive transformation of the world and the spiritual elevation of man. The hero of the novel did not fall into despair, did not lose faith. Finding himself in the wild conditions of the island, Robinson perceives everything that happened to him as a difficult life test, from which he must find a worthy way out. A thrifty and practical person, a diligent worker, he purposefully improves the conditions of his existence: he builds a hut, hunts, fishes, stores food, finds a way to keep track of time and writes all his thoughts in a diary. Armed with the labor skills and experience of his people, he successfully uses the equipment, tools and other valuables discovered on the wrecked ship.
The author deliberately puts his hero in an exceptional situation, transferring him from the world of money to the world of work. Thus, he forces him to discover in himself those qualities that can fully manifest themselves in universal human creative, constructive activity, free from commercial calculations. It is no coincidence that Rousseau called Defoe’s novel “the most successful treatise on natural education.” The simple story of how Robinson built his hut, how he fired the first jug, how he grew bread and tamed goats, how he built and launched a boat, has continued to excite the imagination of readers of all ages for almost three centuries. And it will never lose its enormous educational significance for children and youth.

It is known that Robinson Crusoe was able to master the science of survival from his own experience. Thus, using only available materials and things saved from the ship, the sailor managed to adapt to existence on a desert island.
The first time Robinson Crusoe had the opportunity to die at the moment of the shipwreck itself, but chance helped him survive. Of course, he was lucky in that he was able to find himself in a place where he could get out alive on land when all his comrades drowned.

On the very first night, the sailor climbed a thick, branchy tree. Thus, Robinson Crusoe saved himself from a large number of wild animals and from poisonous snakes. It is also known that Robinson's ship remained within reach for some time, so he managed to drag all the necessary things to the island.
First of all, he took food supplies, this included rice, crackers, cheese. Also on the ship, the sailor was able to find carpentry tools, guns with gunpowder, and clothes. This significantly helped him survive.
On the very first day, Robinson Crusoe began to examine the surrounding area in order to understand whether there was any danger from the local fauna; he also wanted to understand what he could eat here.

He learned that the island was home to many birds and animals, such as hares. After that, he built a certain structure that resembled a hut. He also made a bed from a mattress, thereby providing himself with comfortable living conditions.
But this was not enough, and Robinson decided to start making full-fledged housing. To do this, he fenced the area with stakes, after which he began to dig a cave. It was necessary to think about creating a hearth. And in the future he managed to acquire the necessary furniture.
Thus, the sailor was able to get acquainted with the local fauna, learning that there are also goats on the island.

Daniel Defoe wrote over 500 works during his life, including seven novels. But one of them brought him world fame - “The life and extraordinary adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived twenty-eight years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which he died the entire crew, excluding himself alone, with an account of his unexpected release by the pirates. Written by himself." This is the full title of the novel, from which readers immediately understand what will be discussed. But with what poetic skill and inspiration Daniel Defoe described Robinson’s struggle for life on a desert island, his hard work and resourcefulness! From the very first days, man desperately fought for life in every way available to him.
The hero of D. Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe, left completely alone on an unknown island, did not become confused or fall into despair, and this saved his life. He managed to make good use of even the very first days after the disaster and managed to save all the essentials from the sinking ship: weapons, tools, fabric, clothes, ropes, some grain and food. Hard work, resourcefulness and optimism allowed Robinson to not only not lose his human appearance on the island for twenty-eight years, but also provide himself with everything necessary for a happy life.
There was no task that Robinson would not complete. If he decided to transport the surviving things from a shipwrecked ship, he would work until he had transported everything; if the weather had permitted, he would have transported the entire ship piece by piece. Thinking about setting up a home (dig a cave or put up a tent), he eventually did both. He did not know how much time he would have to spend on the island, he hoped that it would not be long, but he tried to ensure that his home “was protected both from the heat of the sun and from predators; so that it stands in a place where there is no dampness; so that there would be fresh water nearby” and so that the sea would certainly be visible from it, and he worked sparingly. He did not want to part with the hope of salvation, and this hope supported him in moments of despair. Having examined the territory, he became convinced that the island was uninhabited, that it was surrounded only by wild nature, unfamiliar vegetation, unknown birds and animals. There was nothing to count on for help, and in order to survive, he himself had to master many specialties. He himself was a carpenter, a joiner, a potter, and a baker. He learned to fish, hunt wild animals and make clothes from their skins, plow the land, grow rice and barley, tame and raise goats. He also learned to courageously overcome illness and failure. For example, it cost him a lot of work to try to launch a boat, but the strength of one person was not enough, and he had to abandon this idea. But Robinson managed to build a small boat, and he could now travel around his island.
After a few years of living alone on the island, all his ideas changed. He had nothing to desire because he had everything he could enjoy. He had a lot of grain, so much timber that he could build a whole fleet, and so many grapes that all these ships could be loaded with wine and raisins. But he learned to attach importance only to what he could somehow use. “Nature, experience and reflection” taught Robinson to understand that “no matter how much wealth we accumulate, we enjoy it only to the extent that we can use it, and no more.” He learned not only to submit to fate, but also to feel gratitude for what he has and simply for living. For many years, his friends were the parrot Popka, the dog and cats, which he transported from the ship. But in the twenty-fourth year of Robinson’s life, a remarkable event occurred on the island: cannibalistic savages sailed to the island, and he helped free one of the captives. From that day on, he acquired a faithful servant and comrade - Friday.